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  3. Mohamed Morsi
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  6. Mario Monti
  7. English grammar
  8. English irregular verbs
  9. Italian cuisine
  10. Windows 8
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  12. Ford Fiesta
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  14. Turkish delight
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  16. Alpaca
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  20. Advanced Encryption Standard
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  24. Pickpocketing
  25. Black Friday
  26. Avatar
  27. Project Gutenberg
  28. Fair use
  29. Twitter
  30. Google Street View
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  32. White Christmas (song)
  33. Minstrel show
  34. List of sovereign states
  35. Barack Obama
  36. Oxfam
  37. Paradiplomacy
  38. Public domain
  39. 3D film
  40. Microsoft Surface
  41. Twin towns and sister cities
  42. Cosmopolitan (magazine)
  43. List of political parties in Italy
  44. Quantitative easing
  45. Electronic voting
  46. Amitabh Bachchan
  47. Downton Abbey
  48. Noble Prize controversies
  49. Circus
  50. David Cameron

 


WIKIMAG n. 1 - Dicembre 2012 
List of sovereign states

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This is a list of sovereign states giving an overview of states around the world with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The list contains 206 entries. The states are divided using two distinct methods:

  1. The membership within the United Nations system column divides the states into two categories: 193 member states and two observer states in the United Nations,[1] and 11 other states.
  2. The sovereignty disputes column divides the states into two categories: 16 states whose sovereignty is disputed and 190 other states.

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below.

Contents

List of states

Short and formal names Membership within the UN System [Note 1] Sovereignty dispute [Note 2] Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty [Note 4]
       
UN member states or observer states      
Abkhazia → Abkhazia      
 Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan UN member state None  
 Albania – Republic of Albania UN member state None  
 Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria UN member state None  
 Andorra – Principality of Andorra UN member state None Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[3] who himself is appointed by the Vatican.
 Angola – Republic of Angola UN member state None  
 Antigua and Barbuda UN member state None Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[Note 6][4]
 Argentina – Argentine Republic [Note 7] UN member state None Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom.[5] Argentina claims Argentine Antarctica as part of its national territory, officially a department of the province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands, which overlaps with the claims of the UK and Chile.[Note 8][6]
 Armenia – Republic of Armenia UN member state Not recognised by Pakistan[7][8]  
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia UN member state None Australia is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and a federation of 6 states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are:
 Austria – Republic of Austria UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Austria is a federation of 9 states (Bundesländer).
 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan UN member state None Azerbaijan contains 2 autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[Note 6] In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto state has been established.
 Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas UN member state None The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain UN member state None  
 Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh UN member state None  
 Barbados UN member state None Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Belarus – Republic of Belarus UN member state None  
 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.
 Belize UN member state None Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Benin – Republic of Benin [Note 9] UN member state None  
 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan UN member state None  
 Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia UN member state None  
 Bosnia and Herzegovina UN member state None Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of 2 constituent units: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, and Brčko District, self-governing administrative unit.[Note 10]
 Botswana – Republic of Botswana UN member state None  
 Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil UN member state None Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.
 Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace UN member state None Brunei claims sovereignty over part of the Spratly Islands.[Note 11]
 Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Burkina Faso [Note 12] UN member state None  
 Burma – Republic of the Union of Myanmar [Note 13][10] UN member state None  
 Burundi – Republic of Burundi UN member state None  
 Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia UN member state None  
 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon UN member state None  
 Canada [Note 14] UN member state None Canada is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and a federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories.
 Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde UN member state None  
 Central African Republic UN member state None  
 Chad – Republic of Chad UN member state None  
 Chile – Republic of Chile UN member state None Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands are "special territories" of Chile in the Valparaíso Region. Chile claims part of Antarctica as a commune in its Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Its claim overlaps with those of the UK and Argentina.[Note 8]
 China – People's Republic of China[Note 15] UN member state Claimed by the Republic of China The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.[Note 6] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

It also claims:

Aksai Chin, controlled by the PRC, is claimed by India as a part of Jammu and Kashmir.[Note 18] The PRC is not recognised by 22 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise the ROC.[Note 19]

China, Republic of (Taiwan) → Taiwan      
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia UN member state None  
 Comoros – Union of the Comoros UN member state None Comoros is a federation of 3 islands, and claims Mayotte, currently part of France, as a fourth.[Note 20][11] Comoros also disputes French sovereignty over Banc du Geyser.[5]
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Congo-Kinshasa) [Note 21] UN member state None  
 Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville) UN member state None  
Cook Islands → Cook Islands      
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica UN member state None  
 Côte d'Ivoire – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) UN member state None  
 Croatia – Republic of Croatia UN member state None  
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba UN member state None  
 Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus UN member state Not recognised by Turkey and Northern Cyprus Member of the EU.[Note 3] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of South Cyprus".[12]
 Czech Republic [Note 22] UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North      
Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the      
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]

The Danish Realm also includes two self-governing territories:

 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti UN member state None  
 Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica UN member state None  
 Dominican Republic UN member state None  
 East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [Note 23] UN member state None  
 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador UN member state None  
 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt UN member state None  
 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador UN member state None  
 Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea UN member state None  
 Eritrea – State of Eritrea UN member state None  
 Estonia – Republic of Estonia UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia UN member state None Ethiopia is a federation of 9 regions and 2 chartered cities.
 Fiji – Republic of Fiji UN member state None Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[Note 6][13][14]
 Finland – Republic of Finland UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 France – French Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] French overseas regions/departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion) are full, integral parts of France.

The French Republic also includes the overseas territories of:

Clipperton Island is a possession of the government. French sovereignty over Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Mayotte, and Tromelin Island is disputed in part by Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and the Comoros.[5]

 Gabon – Gabonese Republic UN member state None  
 The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia UN member state None  
 Georgia UN member state None Georgia contains 2 autonomous regions, Adjara and Abkhazia.[Note 6] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
 Germany – Federal Republic of Germany UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Länder).
 Ghana – Republic of Ghana UN member state None  
 Greece – Hellenic Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.[15]
 Grenada UN member state None Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala UN member state None  
 Guinea – Republic of Guinea UN member state None  
 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau UN member state None  
 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana UN member state None All land west of the Essequibo River is claimed by Venezuela.[5]
 Haiti – Republic of Haiti UN member state None  
Holy See → Vatican City      
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras UN member state None  
 Hungary UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Iceland – Republic of Iceland UN member state None  
 India – Republic of India UN member state None India is a federation of 28 states and 7 union territories. Indian sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh is disputed by the People's Republic of China.[5] India claims sovereignty over the whole of Kashmir, but administers only part of it as the federated state of Jammu and Kashmir.[Note 18]
 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia UN member state None Indonesia has 3 provinces with official special autonomy status: Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Papua, and West Papua.[Note 6]
 Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran UN member state None  
 Iraq – Republic of Iraq UN member state None Iraq is a federation[Note 20][16] of 18 governorates, 3 of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[Note 6]
 Ireland [Note 25] UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]

The Constitution of Ireland asserts the aspiration towards creating a United Ireland by peaceful means.[17]

 Israel – State of Israel UN member state Not recognized by 33 states In 1967, Israel annexed the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.[18] These areas are not internationally-recognised as being part of Israel.[5] Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, but is still considered the occupying power under international law.[19][20][21][22][23] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members (including most Arab states) and by the SADR.
 Italy – Italian Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[Note 6]
Ivory Coast → Côte d'Ivoire      
 Jamaica UN member state None Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Japan UN member state None Japan disputes Russian administration of the South Kuril Islands.
 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan UN member state None  
 Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan UN member state None  
 Kenya – Republic of Kenya UN member state None  
 Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati UN member state None  
 Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea UN member state Claimed by South Korea North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: Japan and South Korea.[Note 26][24]
 Korea, South – Republic of Korea UN member state Claimed by North Korea South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, Jeju-do.[Note 6][25] South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.[Note 26]
Kosovo → Kosovo      
 Kuwait – State of Kuwait UN member state None  
 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic UN member state None  
 Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic UN member state None  
 Latvia – Republic of Latvia UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Lebanon – Lebanese Republic UN member state None  
 Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho UN member state None  
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia UN member state None  
 Libya UN member state None  
 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein UN member state None  
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia UN member state None Because of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".
 Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar UN member state None Madagascar claims the French territories of Banc du Geyser, Juan de Nova Island, and the Glorioso Islands.[5]
 Malawi – Republic of Malawi UN member state None  
 Malaysia UN member state None Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and 3 federal territories. Malaysia claims part of the Spratly Islands.[Note 11]
 Maldives – Republic of Maldives UN member state None  
 Mali – Republic of Mali UN member state None  
 Malta – Republic of Malta UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania UN member state None  
 Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius UN member state None Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[Note 6] Mauritius claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French island of Tromelin.[5]
 Mexico – United Mexican States UN member state None Mexico is a federation of 31 states and 1 federal district.
 Micronesia, Federated States of UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of 4 states.
 Moldova – Republic of Moldova UN member state None Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco UN member state None  
 Mongolia UN member state None  
 Montenegro UN member state None  
 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco UN member state None Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputes Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Melilla and the "Plazas de soberanía".[5]
 Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique UN member state None  
Myanmar → Burma      
Nagorno-Karabakh → Nagorno-Karabakh      
 Namibia – Republic of Namibia UN member state None  
 Nauru – Republic of Nauru UN member state None  
 Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal UN member state None Nepal is a federation composed of 14 zones.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:

The monarch and her ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of the country the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands (Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius) became special municipalities of the Netherlands.

The designation "Netherlands" can refer to either one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g., in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.

 New Zealand UN member state None New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and has responsibilities for (but has no sovereignty over) two freely associated states:

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 31 and 6 UN members respectively.[26][27][28] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[29] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.

New Zealand has the dependent territories of:

The Tokelauan government claims sovereignty over Swains Island, part of American Samoa, a territory of the United States.[30] New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.[31]

 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua UN member state None Claims the San Andrés archipelago, currently part of Colombian territorial waters

Nicaragua contains 2 autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[Note 6]

 Niger – Republic of Niger UN member state None  
 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria UN member state None Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.
Niue → Niue      
Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus      
North Korea → Korea, North      
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway UN member state None Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.

Bouvet Island is a dependent territory of Norway. Norway also claims Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land as dependent territories of Norway.[Note 8]

 Oman – Sultanate of Oman UN member state None  
 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan UN member state None Pakistan is a federation of 4 provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes Indian sovereignty over Kashmir. It exercises control over some areas, but does not explicitly claim any part of it,[32][33] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[34][35] The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[Note 18]
 Palau – Republic of Palau UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
 Palestine – State of Palestine UN observer state Disputed by Israel The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from 131 states.[36] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on the territory that it proclaimed.[37] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[38] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[39] and an observer state in the UN.
 Panama – Republic of Panama UN member state None  
 Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea UN member state None Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[Note 6]
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay UN member state None  
 Peru – Republic of Peru UN member state None  
 Philippines – Republic of the Philippines UN member state None The Philippines contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.[Note 6] There has been efforts to establish the Cordillera Administrative Region as an autonomous region as well, however in the last referendum of 1998, the people of the Cordillera region voted against the proposition. The Philippines administers Scarborough Shoal and some of the Spratly Islands,[Note 11] and claims sovereignty over Sabah, which is part of Malaysia.[5]
 Poland – Republic of Poland UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Portugal – Portuguese Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Portugal contains 2 autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.[Note 6] Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga.[5]
Pridnestrovie → Transnistria      
 Qatar – State of Qatar UN member state None  
Republic of Korea → Korea, South      
Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the      
 Romania UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Russia – Russian Federation UN member state None Russia is officially a federation of 83 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[Note 6] Sovereignty over the South Kuril Islands is disputed by Japan.
 Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda UN member state None  
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic      
 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis UN member state None Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and is a federation [Note 20] of 14 parishes.
 Saint Lucia UN member state None Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines UN member state None Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Samoa – Independent State of Samoa UN member state None  
 San Marino – Republic of San Marino UN member state None  
 São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe UN member state None São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[Note 6]
 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia UN member state None  
 Senegal – Republic of Senegal UN member state None  
 Serbia – Republic of Serbia UN member state None Serbia contains 2 autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[Note 6] Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo.
 Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles UN member state None Seychelles claims the British Indian Ocean Territory.[5]
 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone UN member state None  
 Singapore – Republic of Singapore UN member state None  
 Slovakia – Slovak Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Solomon Islands UN member state None The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia UN member state None Somalia is presently divided with its official government (TFG) controlling only part of the country. Puntland and Galmudug have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the TFG does not recognise),[40][need quotation to verify] while Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
Somaliland → Somaliland      
 South Africa – Republic of South Africa UN member state None  
South Korea → Korea, South      
South Ossetia → South Ossetia      
 South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan UN member state None South Sudan is a federation of 10 states. Disputes Abyei with the Republic of the Sudan.[5]
 Spain – Kingdom of Spain UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] Spain is divided into autonomous communities and cities.[Note 6] Sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. Sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal. Spain calls for sovereignty over Gibraltar.[5]
 Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka UN member state None Formerly known as Ceylon.
 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan UN member state None Sudan is a federation of 17 states. Disputes Abyei and Kafia Kingi with South Sudan.
Sudan, South → South Sudan      
 Suriname – Republic of Suriname UN member state None  
 Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland UN member state None  
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation UN member state None Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
 Syria – Syrian Arab Republic UN member state None Israel occupies the Golan Heights.[18]
Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan      
 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan UN member state None Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[Note 6]
 Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania UN member state None Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[Note 6]
 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand UN member state None  
Timor-Leste → East Timor      
 Togo – Togolese Republic UN member state None  
 Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga UN member state None  
Transnistria → Transnistria      
 Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago UN member state None Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[Note 6]
 Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia UN member state None  
 Turkey – Republic of Turkey UN member state None  
 Turkmenistan UN member state None  
 Tuvalu UN member state None Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Uganda – Republic of Uganda UN member state None  
 Ukraine UN member state None Ukraine contains 1 autonomous region, Crimea.[Note 6]
 United Arab Emirates UN member state None The United Arab Emirates is a federation of 7 emirates.
 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UN member state None Member of the EU.[Note 3] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:

The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:

 United States – United States of America UN member state None The United States is a federation of 50 states, 1 federal district, and the incorporated territory of Palmyra Atoll. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:

In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island, and Wake Island. The United States also asserts claims to Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank.[5]

 Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay UN member state None  
 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan UN member state None Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[Note 6]
 Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu UN member state None  
 Vatican City – Vatican City State UN observer state None Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 179 states.[41] The Holy See is a permanent observer of the UN in the category of "Non-member State"[38] and a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Archdiocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. The Holy See also administers a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy.
 Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela UN member state None Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.
 Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam UN member state None Vietnam claims sovereignty over the Paracel[Note 17] and Spratly Islands.[Note 11][5]
 Yemen – Republic of Yemen UN member state None  
 Zambia – Republic of Zambia UN member state None  
 Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe UN member state None  
UN member states and observer states      
       
↓ Other states ↓    
 Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia No membership Claimed by Georgia Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Tuvalu,[42] Vanuatu, Venezuela,[43] South Ossetia and Transnistria.[44] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
 Cook Islands Member of some UN specialized agencies None A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands has diplomatic relations with 32 other states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[29] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
 Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Member of some UN specialized agencies Claimed by Serbia Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 and it has received diplomatic recognition from 96 UN member states and the Republic of China. Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo is formally under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
 Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic No membership Claimed by Azerbaijan A de facto independent state,[45][46] recognised only by Abkhazia,[47] South Ossetia[47] and Transnistria.[47][48] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[49]
 Niue Member of some UN specialized agencies None A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue has relations with seven other states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[29] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
 Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus No membership Claimed by Cyprus Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. In addition, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but Azerbaijan has not followed suit.[citation needed] Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[50]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic No membership Claimed by Morocco Recognised by 84 UN member states, 32 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
 Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland No membership Claimed by Somalia A de facto independent state,[51][52][53] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Somali Republic.[54]
 South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia No membership Claimed by Georgia A de facto independent state,[55] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,[43] Abkhazia and Transnistria.[44] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[56]
 Taiwan – Republic of China[Note 15] Former UN member state;

Participant in some UN related organizations as "Chinese Taipei"

Claimed by the People's Republic of China A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,[Note 11] and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[57] The Republic of China is recognised by 22 UN member states and the Holy See as of 2011. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 16] The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei". The Republic of China was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the security council. See China and the United Nations.
 Transnistria – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester) No membership Claimed by Moldova A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[44] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.[58]
↑ Other states ↑      
       

Criteria for inclusion

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood that defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states." Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the Montevideo Convention, argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:

  • (a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory

or

  • (b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state

Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:[59][Note 27]


 








DA INGLESE A ITALIANO
Inserire nella casella Traduci la parola INGLESE e cliccare Go.
 DA ITALIANO A INGLESE 
Impostare INGLESE anziché italiano e ripetere la procedura descritta.

 

 
 

 
CONDIZIONI DI USO DI QUESTO SITO
agg. 13.12.12
L'utente può utilizzare il sito ELINGUE solo se comprende e accetta quanto segue:

  • le risorse e i servizi linguistici presentati all'interno della cartella di sito denominata ELINGUE (www.englishgratis.com/elingue) , d'ora in poi definita "ELINGUE", sono accessibili solo previa sottoscrizione di un abbonamento a pagamento e si possono utilizzare esclusivamente per uso personale e non commerciale con tassativa esclusione di ogni condivisione comunque effettuata. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. La riproduzione anche parziale è vietata senza autorizzazione scritta.
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  • I servizi linguistici da noi forniti sulle pagine del sito ma erogati da aziende esterne (per esempio, la traduzione interattiva di Google Translate e Bing Translate realizzata rispettivamente da Google e da Microsoft, la vocalizzazione Text To Speech dei testi inglesi fornita da ReadSpeaker, il vocabolario inglese-italiano offerto da Babylon con la sua Babylon Box, il servizio di commenti sociali DISQUS e altri) sono ovviamente responsabilità di queste aziende esterne. Trattandosi di servizi interattivi basati su web, possono esserci delle interruzioni di servizio in relazione ad eventi di manutenzione o di sovraccarico dei server su cui non abbiamo alcun modo di influire. Per esperienza, comunque, tali interruzioni sono rare e di brevissima durata, saremo comunque grati ai nostri utenti che ce le vorranno segnalare.
  • Per quanto riguarda i servizi di traduzione automatica l'utente prende atto che sono forniti "as is" dall'azienda esterna che ce li eroga (Google o Microsoft). Nonostante le ovvie limitazioni, sono strumenti in continuo perfezionamento e sono spesso in grado di fornire all'utente, anche professionale, degli ottimi suggerimenti e spunti per una migliore traduzione.
  • In merito all'utilizzabilità del sito ELINGUE su tablet e cellulari a standard iOs, Android, Windows Phone e Blackberry facciamo notare che l'assenza di standard comuni si ripercuote a volte sulla fruibilità di certe prestazioni tipiche del nostro sito (come il servizio ReadSpeaker e la traduzione automatica con Google Translate). Mentre da parte nostra è costante lo sforzo di rendere sempre più compatibili il nostro sito con il maggior numero di piattaforme mobili, non possiamo però assicurare il pieno raggiungimento di questo obiettivo in quanto non dipende solo da noi. Chi desidera abbonarsi è dunque pregato di verificare prima di perfezionare l'abbonamento la compatibilità del nostro sito con i suoi dispositivi informatici, mobili e non, utilizzando le pagine di esempio che riproducono una pagina tipo per ogni tipologia di risorsa presente sul nostro sito. Non saranno quindi accettati reclami da parte di utenti che, non avendo effettuato queste prove, si trovino poi a non avere un servizio corrispondente a quello sperato. In tutti i casi, facciamo presente che utilizzando browser come Chrome e Safari su pc non mobili (desktop o laptop tradizionali) si ha la massima compatibilità e che il tempo gioca a nostro favore in quanto mano a mano tutti i grandi produttori di browser e di piattaforme mobili stanno convergendo, ognuno alla propria velocità, verso standard comuni.
  • Il sito ELINGUE, diversamente da English Gratis che vive anche di pubblicità, persegue l'obiettivo di limitare o non avere affatto pubblicità sulle proprie pagine in modo da garantire a chi studia l'assenza di distrazioni. Le uniche eccezioni sono 1) la promozione di alcuni prodotti linguistici realizzati e/o garantiti da noi 2) le pubblicità incorporate dai siti di sharing direttamente nelle risorse embeddate che non siamo in grado di escludere 3) le pubblicità eventualmente presenti nei box e player che servono ad erogare i servizi linguistici interattivi prima citati (Google, Microsoft, ReadSpeaker, Babylon ecc.).
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  • Le risposte agli utenti nella sezione di commenti sociali DISQUS sono fornite all'interno di precisi limiti di accettabilità dei quesiti posti dall'utente. Questi limiti hanno lo scopo di evitare che il servizio possa essere "abusato" attraverso la raccolta e sottoposizione alla redazione di ELINGUE di centinaia o migliaia di quesiti che intaserebbero il lavoro della redazione. Si prega pertanto l'utente di leggere attentamente e comprendere le seguenti limitazioni d'uso del servizio:
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    - la redazione di ELINGUE gestisce la priorità delle risposte in modo insindacabile da parte dell'utente
    - in tutti i casi, la redazione di ELINGUE è libera in qualsiasi momento di de-registrare temporaneamente l'utente abbonato dal
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