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PARALLEL TEXTS
La normativa processuale spagnola non garantisce l'effettività della direttiva sulla vendita e sulle garanzie dei beni di consumo
Inglese tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_CJE-13-124_en.htm
Italiano tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_CJE-13-124_it.htm
Data documento: 03-10-2013
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Spanish procedural legislation does not guarantee the effectiveness of the directive on the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees
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La normativa processuale spagnola non garantisce l'effettività della direttiva sulla vendita e sulle garanzie dei beni di consumo
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It is for the Spanish courts to do all within their power to ensure that consumers benefit from the high level of protection intended by the directive
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È compito dei giudici spagnoli fare tutto ciò che rientra nella loro competenza per garantire ai consumatori l'elevato livello di tutela perseguito dalla direttiva
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The directive on the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees provides that the seller is liable to the consumer for any lack of conformity which exists at the time at which goods were delivered.
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La direttiva sulla vendita e sulle garanzie dei beni di consumo prevede che il venditore risponda al consumatore di qualsiasi difetto di conformità esistente al momento della consegna del bene.
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Initially, the consumer has the right to require that the goods be brought into conformity.
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In prima battuta, il consumatore può chiedere il ripristino della conformità del bene.
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If that is not possible, he may then seek a reduction in the price or rescission of the contract.
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Se tale ripristino non è praticabile, egli può chiedere, in seconda battuta, una riduzione del prezzo o la risoluzione del contratto.
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However, where the lack of conformity in the goods delivered is minor, the consumer is not entitled to have the contract rescinded and may request only an appropriate reduction in the sale price.
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Tuttavia, qualora il difetto di conformità del bene consegnato presenti un carattere minore, il consumatore non è autorizzato a chiedere tale risoluzione e dispone unicamente del diritto di domandare una congrua riduzione del prezzo di vendita.
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In July 2004, Ms Duarte Hueros purchased a convertible from the company Autociba for €14 320.
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Nel luglio 2004 la sig.ra Duarte Hueros ha acquistato presso l’Autociba un’autovettura dotata di tettuccio apribile, per un importo pari a EUR 14 320.
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Noticing that water leaked in through the roof when it rained, she returned the vehicle to Autociba.
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Avendo constatato che si verificavano infiltrazioni di acqua dal tettuccio in caso di pioggia, essa ha riportato l'autovettura all’Autociba.
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After several unsuccessful attempts to repair the defect, Ms Duarte Hueros requested that her vehicle be replaced.
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Poiché i numerosi tentativi di riparazione non avevano sortito esito positivo, la sig.ra Duarte Hueros ha chiesto la sostituzione dell’autovettura.
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Following Autociba’s refusal to do so, she brought an action before the Juzgado de Primera Instancia no 2 de Badajoz (Court of First Instance, Section No 2, Badajoz) seeking rescission of the contract of sale and an order that Autociba and Citroën España SA be held jointly and severally liable to repay the purchase price, the latter as the manufacturer of the vehicle.
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In seguito al rifiuto opposto a tale richiesta, essa ha adito il Juzgado de Primera Instancia de Badajoz (giudice monocratico di primo grado di Badajoz) onde ottenere la risoluzione del contratto di vendita nonché la condanna in solido dell’Autociba e della Citroën España SA
- quest’ultima in qualità di fabbricante dell’autovettura - al rimborso del prezzo di acquisto.
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That Spanish court found that, as the defect in the vehicle was minor, rescission of the contract of sale could not be granted.
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Il giudice spagnolo rileva che, dato che il difetto dell'autovettura presenta carattere minore, la risoluzione del contratto di vendita non può essere disposta.
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Although Ms Duarte Hueros was entitled to a reduction in the sale price, such a remedy could not, by reason of the Spanish procedural rules, be provided because she had not requested such a reduction in her application.
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Sebbene alla sig.ra Duarte Hueros spetti il diritto ad una riduzione del prezzo di vendita, una soluzione del genere non è ammissibile a causa delle norme processuali spagnole, poiché essa non aveva formulato questa domanda nel suo ricorso.
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A court cannot of its own motion adjudicate on requests which have not been pleaded before it (the principle that judicial decisions must be commensurate with the forms of order sought by the parties).
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Il giudice, infatti, non può statuire d'ufficio su domande che non gli sono state rivolte («principio di corrispondenza tra il chiesto e il pronunciato»).
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Moreover, no application seeking such a price reduction would be admissible in later proceedings, due to the fact that, under Spanish law, the principle of res judicata extends to all claims which could already have been made in earlier proceedings.
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Peraltro, non sarebbe ammissibile alcuna domanda giudiziale a questo riguardo in occasione di una controversia successiva, giacché nel diritto spagnolo il principio del giudicato si estende a tutte le pretese che avrebbero già potuto essere formulate in un procedimento precedente.
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In those circumstances, the Spanish court asks the Court of Justice whether that Spanish procedural legislation is compatible with the directive on the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees.
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In questo contesto, il giudice spagnolo chiede alla Corte di giustizia se questa normativa processuale spagnola sia compatibile con la direttiva sulla vendita e sulle garanzie dei beni di consumo.
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In its judgment delivered today, the Court notes, at the outset, that the purpose of the directive is to ensure a high level of consumer protection.
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Nella sua odierna sentenza la Corte ricorda, in via preliminare, che la finalità della direttiva è di garantire un livello elevato di protezione dei consumatori.
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However, the directive merely requires Member States to adopt such measures as are necessary to enable consumers to exercise their rights effectively, without indicating the processes under which those rights are to be asserted in judicial proceedings, this being a matter for the internal legal order of each Member State.
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Orbene, la direttiva si limita ad obbligare gli Stati membri ad adottare le misure necessarie affinché il consumatore possa effettivamente esercitare i suoi diritti, senza tuttavia contenere indicazioni circa i meccanismi per far valere in giudizio tali diritti, meccanismi che rientrano nell'ordinamento giuridico interno degli Stati.
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However, those procedural rules must not, in particular, be such as to make it in practice impossible or excessively difficult to exercise the rights conferred by European Union law (‘principle of effectiveness’).
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Tuttavia, tali modalità processuali non devono essere strutturate in modo da rendere in pratica impossibile o eccessivamente difficile l'esercizio dei diritti conferiti dall'ordinamento giuridico dell'Unione («principio di effettività»).
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In this regard, the Court of Justice finds that, under the Spanish procedural system, a consumer who brings proceedings seeking solely rescission of the contract for the sale of goods is definitively deprived of the possibility of benefitting from the right to seek an appropriate reduction in the price of those goods in the event that the court dealing with the dispute should find that, in fact, the lack of conformity in those goods is minor.
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A questo proposito, la Corte dichiara che, nel sistema processuale spagnolo, un consumatore che chiede in giudizio unicamente la risoluzione del contratto di vendita di un bene è definitivamente privato della possibilità di usufruire del diritto di ottenere la congrua riduzione del prezzo se il giudice nazionale adito considera che, in realtà, il difetto di conformità di tale bene presenta un carattere minore.
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Only in the event that the consumer had made an application containing an alternative claim seeking such a price reduction would that outcome not occur.
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L'unica eccezione a questo esito si verifica qualora il consumatore abbia presentato, in subordine, una domanda giudiziale volta ad ottenere tale riduzione.
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However, such an eventuality must be regarded as being highly improbable.
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Siffatta ipotesi, tuttavia, deve essere considerata alquanto improbabile.
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There is a significant risk that the consumer will not put
forward an alternative claim requesting a reduction in the price -
which would seek, moreover, relief that is inferior to the claim for rescission of the contract – either by reason of the particularly rigid requirement that the two claims must be presented at the same time or because the consumer is unaware of, or does not appreciate, the extent of his rights. |
Sussiste infatti un rischio non trascurabile che il consumatore
non proponga in subordine una domanda di riduzione del prezzo -
la quale, del resto, perseguirebbe una tutela inferiore a quella cui mira la domanda di risoluzione del contratto
- vuoi a causa dell’obbligo particolarmente rigido di concomitanza di entrambe le domande, vuoi perché ignora o non comprende la portata dei suoi diritti.
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The Court of Justice finds that such procedural rules are liable to undermine the effectiveness of the consumer protection intended by the European Union legislature in so far as they do not allow the national court to recognise of its motion the consumer’s right to obtain an appropriate reduction in the price of the goods, even though that consumer is not entitled to refine his initial application or to bring a fresh action to that end.
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La Corte considera che un regime processuale di questo genere è tale da arrecare pregiudizio all’effettività della tutela dei consumatori voluta dal legislatore dell’Unione, giacché non consente al giudice nazionale di riconoscere d’ufficio il diritto del consumatore ad ottenere una congrua riduzione del prezzo di vendita del bene, quanto peraltro tale consumatore non è autorizzato né a precisare la sua domanda iniziale né a proporre un nuovo ricorso a questo fine.
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The Spanish system essentially obliges the consumer to anticipate the legal characterisation regarding the lack of conformity in the goods, which must be definitively made by the court dealing with the case.
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Il sistema spagnolo, in effetti, obbliga in sostanza il consumatore ad anticipare la qualificazione giuridica del difetto di conformità del bene, operazione, questa, che deve essere eseguita in via definitiva dal giudice competente.
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However, this makes the protection provided by the directive completely uncertain in nature and, consequently, inadequate.
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Orbene, questa circostanza conferisce una natura puramente aleatoria, e di riflesso inadeguata, alla tutela concessa dalla direttiva.
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This is all the more true where the analysis proves to be particularly complex, with the result that the characterisation depends conclusively on the inquiries carried out by the court dealing with the case.
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Tale conclusione vale a maggior ragione quando l’analisi si rivela particolarmente complessa, sicché detta qualificazione dipende eminentemente dall’istruzione condotta dal giudice investito della controversia.
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Consequently, the Court of Justice declares that the Spanish procedural legislation does not appear to comply with the principle of effectiveness, in so far as, in proceedings brought by consumers in cases where the goods delivered are not in conformity with the contract of sale, it makes the enforcement of the protection which the directive seeks to confer on them excessively difficult, if not impossible.
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Pertanto, la Corte statuisce che la normativa processuale spagnola non risulta conforme al principio di effettività, giacché rende eccessivamente difficile, se non perfino impossibile, attuare la tutela che la direttiva intende conferire ai consumatori nel contesto delle azioni in giudizio da essi promosse per difetto di conformità del bene consegnato al contratto di vendita.
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The Court of Justice makes it clear that it is for the Spanish court to do whatever lies within its power, taking the whole body of domestic law into consideration and applying the interpretative methods recognised by domestic law, with a view to ensuring that the directive is fully effective and to achieving an outcome which is consistent with its objective of guaranteeing a high level of consumer protection.
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La Corte precisa che è compito del giudice spagnolo adoperarsi al meglio nei limiti della sua competenza, prendendo in considerazione il diritto interno nel suo insieme ed applicando i metodi di interpretazione riconosciuti da quest’ultimo, al fine di garantire la piena efficacia della direttiva e di pervenire ad una soluzione conforme alla sua finalità di assicurare un elevato livello di tutela dei consumatori.
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NOTE:
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IMPORTANTE:
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A request for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law or the validity of a European Union act.
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Il rinvio pregiudiziale consente ai giudici degli Stati membri, nell'ambito di una controversia della quale sono investiti, di interpellare la Corte in merito all’interpretazione del diritto dell’Unione o alla validità di un atto dell’Unione.
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The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself.
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La Corte non risolve la controversia nazionale.
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It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.
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Spetta al giudice nazionale risolvere la causa conformemente alla decisione della Corte. Tale decisione vincola egualmente gli altri giudici nazionali ai quali venga sottoposto un problema simile.
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LISTEN WITH READSPEAKER
Spanish procedural legislation does not guarantee the effectiveness of the
directive on the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees
It is for the Spanish courts to do all within their power to
ensure that consumers benefit from the high level of protection intended by the
directive
The directive on the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees
provides that the seller is liable to the consumer for any lack of conformity
which exists at the time at which goods were delivered.
Initially, the consumer has the right to require that the goods be
brought into conformity.
If that is not possible, he may then seek a reduction in the price or
rescission of the contract.
However, where the lack of conformity in the goods delivered is minor,
the consumer is not entitled to have the contract rescinded and may request only
an appropriate reduction in the sale price.
In July 2004, Ms Duarte Hueros purchased a convertible from the company
Autociba for €14 320.
Noticing that water leaked in through the roof when it rained, she
returned the vehicle to Autociba.
After several unsuccessful attempts to repair the defect, Ms Duarte
Hueros requested that her vehicle be replaced.
Following Autociba’s refusal to do so, she brought an action before the
Juzgado de Primera Instancia no 2 de Badajoz (Court of First Instance, Section
No 2, Badajoz) seeking rescission of the contract of sale and an order that
Autociba and Citroën España SA be held jointly and severally liable to repay the
purchase price, the latter as the manufacturer of the vehicle.
That Spanish court found that, as the defect in the vehicle was minor,
rescission of the contract of sale could not be granted.
Although Ms Duarte Hueros was entitled to a reduction in the sale
price, such a remedy could not, by reason of the Spanish procedural rules, be
provided because she had not requested such a reduction in her application.
A court cannot of its own motion adjudicate on requests which have not
been pleaded before it (the principle that judicial decisions must be
commensurate with the forms of order sought by the parties).
Moreover, no application seeking such a price reduction would be
admissible in later proceedings, due to the fact that, under Spanish law, the
principle of res judicata extends to all claims which could already have been
made in earlier proceedings.
In those circumstances, the Spanish court asks the Court of Justice
whether that Spanish procedural legislation is compatible with the directive on
the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees.
In its judgment delivered today, the Court notes, at the outset, that
the purpose of the directive is to ensure a high level of consumer protection.
However, the directive merely requires Member States to adopt such
measures as are necessary to enable consumers to exercise their rights
effectively, without indicating the processes under which those rights are to be
asserted in judicial proceedings, this being a matter for the internal legal
order of each Member State.
However, those procedural rules must not, in particular, be such as to make it
in practice impossible or excessively difficult to exercise the rights conferred
by European Union law (‘principle of effectiveness’).
In this regard, the Court of Justice finds that, under the Spanish
procedural system, a consumer who brings proceedings seeking solely rescission
of the contract for the sale of goods is definitively deprived of the
possibility of benefitting from the right to seek an appropriate reduction in
the price of those goods in the event that the court dealing with the dispute
should find that, in fact, the lack of conformity in those goods is minor.
Only in the event that the consumer had made an application containing
an alternative claim seeking such a price reduction would that outcome not
occur.
However, such an eventuality must be regarded as being highly
improbable.
There is a significant risk that the consumer will not put forward an
alternative claim requesting a reduction in the price ?
which would seek, moreover, relief that is inferior to the claim for rescission
of the contract – either by reason of the particularly rigid requirement that
the two claims must be presented at the same time or because the consumer is
unaware of, or does not appreciate, the extent of his rights.
The Court of Justice finds that such procedural rules are liable to
undermine the effectiveness of the consumer protection intended by the European
Union legislature in so far as they do not allow the national court to recognise
of its motion the consumer’s right to obtain an appropriate reduction in the
price of the goods, even though that consumer is not entitled to refine his
initial application or to bring a fresh action to that end.
The Spanish system essentially obliges the consumer to anticipate the
legal characterisation regarding the lack of conformity in the goods, which must
be definitively made by the court dealing with the case.
However, this makes the protection provided by the directive completely
uncertain in nature and, consequently, inadequate.
This is all the more true where the analysis proves to be particularly
complex, with the result that the characterisation depends conclusively on the
inquiries carried out by the court dealing with the case.
Consequently, the Court of Justice declares that the Spanish procedural
legislation does not appear to comply with the principle of effectiveness, in so
far as, in proceedings brought by consumers in cases where the goods delivered
are not in conformity with the contract of sale, it makes the enforcement of the
protection which the directive seeks to confer on them excessively difficult, if
not impossible.
The Court of Justice makes it clear that it is for the Spanish court to
do whatever lies within its power, taking the whole body of domestic law into
consideration and applying the interpretative methods recognised by domestic
law, with a view to ensuring that the directive is fully effective and to
achieving an outcome which is consistent with its objective of guaranteeing a
high level of consumer protection.
NOTE:
A request for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of
the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer
questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law
or the validity of a European Union act.
The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself.
It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in
accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other
national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.
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