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PARALLEL TEXTS
L’accordo sugli aspetti dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale attinenti al commercio (TRIPS) rientra nella competenza esclusiva dell’Unione
Inglese tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_CJE-13-95_en.htm
Italiano tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_CJE-13-95_it.htm
Data documento: 18-07-2013
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The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs) falls within the exclusive competence of the European Union
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L’accordo sugli aspetti dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale attinenti al commercio (TRIPS) rientra nella competenza esclusiva dell’Unione
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A patent granted before the entry into force of the TRIPs Agreement for the process of manufacture of a pharmaceutical product does not, after its entry into force, cover the actual invention of the product
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Un brevetto rilasciato per il procedimento di fabbricazione di un prodotto farmaceutico prima dell’entrata in vigore di tale accordo non copre, successivamente alla sua entrata in vigore, l’invenzione stessa del prodotto
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Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd obtained a national patent in Greece in 1986 for levofloxacin hemihydrate, a chemical compound used as an active ingredient in antibiotic treatments, in particular in an original medicinal product called Tavanic.
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La società Daiichi Sankyo Co.Ltd. ha ottenuto nel 1986, in Grecia, un brevetto nazionale per il levofloxacina emiidrato, un composto chimico utilizzato come principio attivo in trattamenti antibiotici, segnatamente in un medicinale originale denominato «Tavanic».
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It granted a licence to Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH to distribute it in Greece, under an authorisation to place it on the market granted by the competent Greek authorities in 1999.
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Essa ha concesso alla società Sanofi-Aventis GmbH una licenza per distribuire quest’ultimo in Grecia, sulla base di un’autorizzazione all’immissione in commercio rilasciata dall’autorità greca competente nel 1999.
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The application for the patent sought protection for the product (the active ingredient) and its process of manufacture.
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La richiesta di tale brevetto era volta ad ottenere la protezione per il prodotto (il principio attivo) e per il suo procedimento di fabbricazione.
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The protection conferred by the patent, which was due to expire on 20 June 2006, was extended by a supplementary protection certificate (SPC) for five years, to 2011.
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Poiché la protezione di cui al brevetto doveva scadere il 20 giugno 2006, essa è stata prorogata per cinque anni, fino al 2011, mediante un certificato protettivo complementare (CPC) .
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In 2008 and 2009 DEMO AE obtained authorisations in Greece to place on the market a generic medicinal product called Talerin, which also had the active ingredient levofloxacin hemihydrate.
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La società DEMO AE ha ottenuto in Grecia, nel 2008 e nel 2009, autorizzazioni all’immissione in commercio del medicinale generico «Talerin», anch’esso avente come principio attivo il levofloxacina emiidrato.
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In those circumstances Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi-Aventis asked the Polimeles Protodikio Athinon (Court of First Instance, Athens) to order DEMO to cease all marketing of Talerin or any other medicinal product with the active ingredient levofloxacin hemihydrate.
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Pertanto, la Daiichi Sankyo e la Sanofi-Aventis hanno chiesto al Polymeles Protodikeio Athinon (Tribunale di primo grado Atene) di ordinare alla DEMO la cessazione di ogni attività di commercializzazione del Talerin o di qualsiasi altro medicinale avente come principio attivo il levofloxacina emiidrato.
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The Greek court explains that the main proceedings have to determine whether the SPC held by Daiichi Sankyo from 2006 to 2011 – in other words, in the period during which DEMO was preparing to market the medicinal product containing the pharmaceutical product – covered the invention of the pharmaceutical product or only the invention of its process of manufacture.
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Il giudice greco riferisce che il procedimento principale deve stabilire se il CPC di cui la Daiichi Sankyo è stata titolare fra il 2006 e il 2011 – vale a dire nel periodo durante il quale la DEMO si accingeva a commercializzare il medicinale contenente il prodotto farmaceutico – copriva l’invenzione di tale prodotto oppure soltanto l’invenzione del suo procedimento di fabbricazione.
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If the protection under the SCP covers the product, the fact that Tavanic and Talerin have the same active ingredient would mean that DEMO infringed Daiichi Sankyo’s patent.
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lnfatti, se la protezione conferita dal CPC coprisse il prodotto, il fatto che il Tavanic e il Talerin abbiano il medesimo principio attivo significherebbe che la DEMO ha violato il brevetto della Daiichi Sankyo.
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If, on the other hand, the protection covers only the process of manufacture, the fact that Tavanic and Talerin have the same active ingredient would only raise the presumption that the generic medicinal product was manufactured on the basis of the process protected by the SPC.
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Se, di contro, tale protezione fosse limitata al procedimento di fabbricazione, la circostanza che il Tavanic e il Talerin abbiano il medesimo principio attivo consentirebbe soltanto di presumere che il medicinale generico è stato fabbricato mediante il procedimento protetto dal CPC.
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In that case, it would be sufficient for DEMO to rebut that presumption by showing that that medicinal product was manufactured by a different process.
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In questo caso, per confutare siffatta presunzione alla DEMO basterebbe dimostrare che il medicinale è stato fabbricato con un procedimento diverso.
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Greece ratified the Convention on the Grant of European Patents (EPC) in 1986, but it was only from 1992, on the expiry of a reservation previously expressed, that Greece also recognised the patentability of pharmaceutical products.
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La Grecia ha ratificato la Convenzione sulla concessione dei brevetti europei (CBE) nel 1986, ma è soltanto a partire dal 1992, allo scadere di una riserva in precedenza espressa, che questo Stato ha anche riconosciuto la brevettabilità dei prodotti farmaceutici .
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In that context, the national court essentially asks the Court of Justice whether a patent obtained following an application claiming the invention both of the process of manufacture of a pharmaceutical product and of the pharmaceutical product as such, but, because of that reservation, granted only for the process of manufacture, must none the less, by reason of the TRIPs Agreement and from the date of its entry into force, be regarded as also covering the invention of the pharmaceutical product.
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In tale quadro il giudice nazionale chiede alla Corte di giustizia, in sostanza, se un brevetto, ottenuto a seguito di una domanda rivendicante l’invenzione sia del procedimento di fabbricazione di un prodotto farmaceutico sia del prodotto farmaceutico in quanto tale, ma che è stato rilasciato soltanto per il procedimento di fabbricazione a motivo di detta riserva, debba nondimeno essere considerato come esteso all’invenzione del prodotto farmaceutico, ai sensi dell’Accordo TRIPS ed a partire dalla sua entrata in vigore.
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It also asks to what extent the TRIPs Agreement, which was concluded by the Community and the Member States by virtue of shared competence, still falls within the competence of the Member States.
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Esso chiede inoltre in che misura l’Accordo TRIPS, che è stato è stato concluso dalla Comunità e dagli Stati membri nell’esercizio di una competenza ripartita, rientri ancora nell’ambito di competenza degli Stati membri.
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In today’s judgment, the Court of Justice starts by observing that since the Treaty of Lisbon the common commercial policy – which is within the context of the European Union’s external action and relates to trade with non-member countries – also concerns the commercial aspects of intellectual property.
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Nell’odierna sentenza, la Corte dichiara innanzitutto che successivamente al Trattato di Lisbona la politica commerciale comune - che si inscrive nel quadro dell’azione esterna dell’Unione e riguarda gli scambi commerciali con gli Stati terzi – verte altresì sugli aspetti commerciali della proprietà intellettuale .
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If a European Union act is intended to promote, facilitate or govern international trade, it falls within the common commercial policy.
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Se un atto dell’Unione è destinato a promuovere, facilitare o disciplinare gli scambi internazionali, rientra nell’ambito della politica commerciale comune.
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The rules in the TRIPs Agreement have a specific link with international trade.
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Orbene, le norme contenute nell’Accordo TRIPS presentano un nesso specifico con gli scambi internazionali.
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The agreement itself forms part of the liberalisation of international trade, and its objective is to strengthen and harmonise the protection of intellectual property on a worldwide scale and to reduce distortions of international trade in the territory of the Member States of the WTO.
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Il medesimo accordo si inscrive nell’ambito della liberalizzazione degli scambi internazionali e il suo obiettivo è quello di rafforzare e armonizzare la tutela della proprietà intellettuale su scala mondiale e di ridurre le distorsioni nel commercio internazionale nel territorio di ciascuno dei membri dell’OMC.
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The agreement therefore now falls within the field of the common commercial policy and the exclusive competence of the European Union.
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Tale accordo rientra dunque, ormai, nell’ambito della politica commerciale comune e della competenza esclusiva dell’Unione.
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The Court goes on to note that – according to the actual wording of the TRIPs Agreement – any invention, whether a product or a process, which is new, involves an inventive step and is capable of industrial application is patentable, provided only that it belongs to a field of technology.
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Di seguito, la Corte osserva che - secondo la stessa formulazione dell’Accordo TRIPS - qualsiasi invenzione, di prodotto o di procedimento, che sia nuova, implichi un’attività inventiva e sia atta ad avere un’applicazione industriale può costituire oggetto di brevetto, alla sola condizione di rientrare in un campo della tecnologia.
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Pharmacology belongs to such a field and the invention of a pharmaceutical product is therefore capable of being patented.
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Ebbene, la farmacologia rientra in un campo siffatto e pertanto l’invenzione di un prodotto farmaceutico può costituire oggetto di brevetto.
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Moreover, in accordance with the European Union regulation, the protection conferred by the SPC was subject to the same limitations as those affecting the protection conferred by the basic patent.
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Inoltre, ai sensi del regolamento dell’Unione , la protezione conferita dal CPC era soggetta agli stessi limiti che riguardavano la protezione attribuita dal brevetto di base.
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The reservation, permitted by the EPC, under which medicinal products were not patentable in Greece from 1986 to 1992, applied by analogy to national patents, such as that of Daiichi Sankyo.
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La riserva consentita dalla CBE, sulla base della quale, fra il 1986 e il 1992, i medicinali non erano brevettabili in Grecia, si applicava per analogia ai brevetti nazionali come quello della Daiichi Sankyo.
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Similarly, the rule that the effect of the reservation continues throughout the term of the patent was also applicable by analogy to national patents.
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Allo stesso modo, la norma secondo cui gli effetti della riserva sussistono per tutta la durata dei brevetti era anch’essa applicabile, per analogia, ai brevetti nazionali.
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Consequently, Daiichi Sankyo’s national patent and its SPC were of no effect as regards the invention of the pharmaceutical product, notwithstanding the patentability of pharmaceutical products in Greece from 1992.
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Di conseguenza, il brevetto nazionale della Daiichi Sankyo, così come il suo CPC, erano privi di effetto riguardo all’invenzione del prodotto farmaceutico, e ciò malgrado la brevettabilità dei prodotti farmaceutici in Grecia a partire dal 1992.
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Consequently, while the TRIPs Agreement obliges the Member States of the WTO to make it possible to obtain patents for pharmaceutical products, it does not oblige them to regard patents which were granted solely for processes of manufacture of those products as covering, after the entry into force of that agreement, the inventions of those products as such.
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Di conseguenza, sebbene l’Accordo TRIPS obblighi gli Stati membri dell’OMC a prevedere la brevettabilità dei prodotti farmaceutici, esso non li obbliga a considerare i brevetti che erano stati rilasciati unicamente per i procedimenti di fabbricazione di tali prodotti come comprendenti, in seguito all’entrata in vigore del suddetto accordo, le invenzioni dei prodotti in quanto tali.
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NOTE:
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IMPORTANTE:
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A reference for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law or the validity of a European Union act.
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Il rinvio pregiudiziale consente ai giudici degli Stati membri, nell'ambito di una controversia della quale sono investiti, di interpellare la Corte in merito all’interpretazione del diritto dell’Unione o alla validità di un atto dell’Unione.
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The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself.
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La Corte non risolve la controversia nazionale.
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It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.
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Spetta al giudice nazionale risolvere la causa conformemente alla decisione della Corte.Tale decisione vincola egualmente gli altri giudici nazionali ai quali venga sottoposto un problema simile
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LISTEN WITH READSPEAKER
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs)
falls within the exclusive competence of the European Union
A patent granted before the entry into force of the TRIPs
Agreement for the process of manufacture of a pharmaceutical product does not,
after its entry into force, cover the actual invention of the product
Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd obtained a national patent in Greece in 1986 for
levofloxacin hemihydrate, a chemical compound used as an active ingredient in
antibiotic treatments, in particular in an original medicinal product called
Tavanic.
It granted a licence to Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH to distribute
it in Greece, under an authorisation to place it on the market granted by the
competent Greek authorities in 1999.
The application for the patent sought protection for the product (the
active ingredient) and its process of manufacture.
The protection conferred by the patent, which was due to expire on 20
June 2006, was extended by a supplementary protection certificate (SPC) for five
years, to 2011.
In 2008 and 2009 DEMO AE obtained authorisations in Greece to place on
the market a generic medicinal product called Talerin, which also had the active
ingredient levofloxacin hemihydrate.
In those circumstances Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi-Aventis asked the
Polimeles Protodikio Athinon (Court of First Instance, Athens) to order DEMO to
cease all marketing of Talerin or any other medicinal product with the active
ingredient levofloxacin hemihydrate.
The Greek court explains that the main proceedings have to determine
whether the SPC held by Daiichi Sankyo from 2006 to 2011 – in other words, in
the period during which DEMO was preparing to market the medicinal product
containing the pharmaceutical product – covered the invention of the
pharmaceutical product or only the invention of its process of manufacture.
If the protection under the SCP covers the product, the fact that
Tavanic and Talerin have the same active ingredient would mean that DEMO
infringed Daiichi Sankyo’s patent.
If, on the other hand, the protection covers only the process of
manufacture, the fact that Tavanic and Talerin have the same active ingredient
would only raise the presumption that the generic medicinal product was
manufactured on the basis of the process protected by the SPC.
In that case, it would be sufficient for DEMO to rebut that presumption
by showing that that medicinal product was manufactured by a different process.
Greece ratified the Convention on the Grant of European Patents (EPC)
in 1986, but it was only from 1992, on the expiry of a reservation previously
expressed, that Greece also recognised the patentability of pharmaceutical
products.
In that context, the national court essentially asks the Court of
Justice whether a patent obtained following an application claiming the
invention both of the process of manufacture of a pharmaceutical product and of
the pharmaceutical product as such, but, because of that reservation, granted
only for the process of manufacture, must none the less, by reason of the TRIPs
Agreement and from the date of its entry into force, be regarded as also
covering the invention of the pharmaceutical product.
It also asks to what extent the TRIPs Agreement, which was concluded by
the Community and the Member States by virtue of shared competence, still falls
within the competence of the Member States.
In today’s judgment, the Court of Justice starts by observing that
since the Treaty of Lisbon the common commercial policy – which is within the
context of the European Union’s external action and relates to trade with
non-member countries – also concerns the commercial aspects of intellectual
property.
If a European Union act is intended to promote, facilitate or govern
international trade, it falls within the common commercial policy.
The rules in the TRIPs Agreement have a specific link with
international trade.
The agreement itself forms part of the liberalisation of international
trade, and its objective is to strengthen and harmonise the protection of
intellectual property on a worldwide scale and to reduce distortions of
international trade in the territory of the Member States of the WTO.
The agreement therefore now falls within the field of the common
commercial policy and the exclusive competence of the European Union.
The Court goes on to note that – according to the actual wording of the
TRIPs Agreement – any invention, whether a product or a process, which is new,
involves an inventive step and is capable of industrial application is
patentable, provided only that it belongs to a field of technology.
Pharmacology belongs to such a field and the invention of a
pharmaceutical product is therefore capable of being patented.
Moreover, in accordance with the European Union regulation, the
protection conferred by the SPC was subject to the same limitations as those
affecting the protection conferred by the basic patent.
The reservation, permitted by the EPC, under which medicinal products
were not patentable in Greece from 1986 to 1992, applied by analogy to national
patents, such as that of Daiichi Sankyo.
Similarly, the rule that the effect of the reservation continues
throughout the term of the patent was also applicable by analogy to national
patents.
Consequently, Daiichi Sankyo’s national patent and its SPC were of no
effect as regards the invention of the pharmaceutical product, notwithstanding
the patentability of pharmaceutical products in Greece from 1992.
Consequently, while the TRIPs Agreement obliges the Member States of
the WTO to make it possible to obtain patents for pharmaceutical products, it
does not oblige them to regard patents which were granted solely for processes
of manufacture of those products as covering, after the entry into force of that
agreement, the inventions of those products as such.
NOTE:
A reference for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of
the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer
questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law
or the validity of a European Union act.
The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself.
It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in
accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other
national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.
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