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PARALLEL TEXTS
Comunicazione consultiva sul futuro della cattura e dello stoccaggio del carbonio in Europa
Inglese tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-276_en.htm
Italiano tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-276_it.htm
Data documento: 27-03-2013
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Consultative Communication on the future of Carbon Capture and Storage in Europe
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Comunicazione consultiva sul futuro della cattura e dello stoccaggio del carbonio in Europa
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What is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)?
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Cosa si intende per cattura e stoccaggio del carbonio (CCS)?
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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a set of technologies that captures the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from industrial plants based on fossil fuels, transports it to a suitable storage site and stores it in underground geological formations with the aim of removing it from the atmosphere for good.
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Per cattura e stoccaggio del carbonio (CCS) si intende un insieme di tecnologie che catturano l'anidride carbonica (CO2) emessa dagli impianti industriali basati su combustibili fossili, la trasportano in un luogo di stoccaggio adeguato e la immagazzinano in formazioni geologiche sotterranee, allo scopo di rimuoverla definitivamente dall'atmosfera.
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Why do we need CCS?
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Perché abbiamo bisogno delle tecnologie CCS?
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The European Union has committed itself to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels, as is necessary to limit the increase in global temperatures to below 2 degrees.
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L'Unione europea si è impegnata a ridurre le emissioni di gas ad effetto serra dell'80-95% entro il 2050 rispetto ai livelli del 1990, per limitare ad un valore inferiore a due gradi l'aumento della temperatura globale.
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There are several ways to achieve de-carbonisation, including energy efficiency, increased use of renewable energies and carbon-free energy sources.
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Vi sono vari modi per realizzare la decarbonizzazione, tra cui l'efficienza energetica, un maggiore uso delle energie rinnovabili e il ricorso alle fonti energetiche prive di carbonio.
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However, in the context of increasing demand for energy, which is likely to be met in a large part, by fossil fuels, widespread introduction of CCS is likely to be one of the necessary mitigation options.
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Tuttavia, in un contesto di domanda crescente di energia, che sarà presumibilmente soddisfatta in gran parte dai combustibili fossili, la diffusa introduzione del CCS sarà probabilmente una delle soluzioni necessarie per attenuare il fenomeno.
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The role of CCS in cost efficient climate mitigation has been confirmed by the 2050 Energy Roadmap and by the Roadmap for moving to a Low Carbon Economy in 2050, both published by the European Commission in 2011, in which all scenarios imply the use of CCS.
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Il ruolo delle tecnologie CCS per una mitigazione climatica efficace in termini di costi è stato confermato dalla tabella di marcia per l'energia per il 2050 e dalla tabella di marcia verso un'economia a basse emissioni di carbonio per il 2050, entrambe pubblicate dalla Commissione europea nel 2011, in cui tutti gli scenari presentati implicano l'uso delle tecnologie CCS.
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What is the purpose of the Communication published today?
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Qual è lo scopo della comunicazione pubblicata oggi?
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Today's Communication summarizes the state of play of CCS development and identifies the barriers that have prevented the technology from progressing in Europe at the pace initially foreseen in 2007.
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La comunicazione di oggi sintetizza lo stato di avanzamento dello sviluppo delle tecnologie CCS e individua gli ostacoli che hanno frenato l'introduzione di queste tecnologie in Europa al ritmo previsto inizialmente nel 2007.
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The Communication then discusses some of the possible options to promote the timely demonstration and early deployment of CCS in Europe and to strengthen its long-term business case.
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La comunicazione discute quindi alcune delle possibili opzioni per promuovere la tempestiva dimostrazione e la rapida diffusione delle tecnologie CCS in Europa e per rafforzare il loro interesse commerciale a lungo termine.
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Stakeholders' views are welcome on what would be the best policy framework to ensure that the demonstration and further deployment of CCS, if proven commercially and technically viable, take place without further delay.
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La Commissione invita le parti interessate a indicare quale sia a quale sia, a loro avviso, il quadro politico migliore per garantire che la dimostrazione e l'ulteriore diffusione delle tecnologie CCS, se valide dal punto di vista tecnico e commerciale, abbiano luogo senza ulteriori ritardi.
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How technically mature is CCS?
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Le tecnologie CCS sono mature dal punto di vista tecnico?
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Globally, more than 20 small-scale demonstration CCS projects are successfully operating, of which two are in Europe (in Norway), and none in EU territory.
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A livello mondiale sono attivi con successo oltre venti progetti di dimostrazione su piccola scala delle tecnologie CCS, due dei quali in Europa (Norvegia), e nessuno nel territorio dell'UE.
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Most of them are industrial applications, such as oil and gas processing or chemical production, which capture CO2 for commercial reasons.
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La maggior parte sono applicazioni industriali, come la trasformazione del petrolio e del gas o la produzione chimica, che catturano CO2 per ragioni commerciali.
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Eight of these projects have the full CCS chain, five of which are made economically feasible through enhanced oil recovery, where the CO2 is used to increase the extraction of crude oil.
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Otto di questi progetti utilizzano tutta la catena CCS, e cinque di questi sono realizzabili dal punto di vista economico grazie ad un migliore recupero del petrolio in quanto utilizzano la CO2 per aumentare l'estrazione del petrolio grezzo.
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However, CCS has yet not been applied at a large scale for mitigation of climate change.
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Tuttavia, le tecnologie CCS non sono state ancora applicate su larga scala per la mitigazione dei cambiamenti climatici.
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Bringing costs down and securing a business case therefore remains a challenge.
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Di conseguenza la riduzione dei costi e la creazione di un interesse commerciale rappresentano ancora una sfida.
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Why has CCS not gained ground yet in the EU?
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Perché le tecnologie CCS non hanno ancora guadagnato terreno nell'UE?
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The implementation of the envisaged demonstration projects in Europe has proven more difficult than initially foreseen. A series of factors are responsible for this situation, but mainly the lack of a long term business case and the cost of the CCS technology.
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L'attuazione dei progetti di dimostrazione previsti in Europa si è rivelata più difficile rispetto a quanto inizialmente previsto a causa di una serie di fattori, in particolare alla mancanza di interesse commerciale a lungo termine e al costo delle tecnologie CCS.
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At current carbon prices which are very low, and without any other legal constraint or incentive, there is no rationale for economic operators to invest in CCS.
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Con gli attuali prezzi del carbonio molto bassi, e in assenza di ulteriori vincoli legali o incentivi, gli operatori economici non hanno alcuna motivazione per investire nelle tecnologie CCS.
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Some projects (those that envisage onshore storage) have faced strong public opposition.
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Alcuni progetti (quelli che prevedono lo stoccaggio terrestre) hanno suscitato una forte opposizione da parte dei cittadini.
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While sufficient storage capacity probably exists in Europe, not all capacity is accessible or located close to CO2 emitters.
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Anche se probabilmente in Europa esiste una sufficiente capacità di stoccaggio, non tutta risulta accessibile o ubicata in prossimità di impianti responsabili di emissioni di CO2.
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Some Member States have decided to ban or restrict CO2 storage from their national territories.
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Alcuni Stati membri hanno deciso di vietare o limitare lo stoccaggio di CO2 nei rispettivi territori nazionali.
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In addition, an adequate transport infrastructure is necessary to efficiently connect CO2 sources to sinks.
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Inoltre, è necessaria un'adeguata infrastruttura dei trasporti per collegare efficacemente le fonti di CO2 ai pozzi di assorbimento.
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How much will CCS cost?
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Quanto costeranno le tecnologie CCS?
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According to recent Joint Research Centre assessments, the first generation CCS power plant is expected to be about 60-100% more expensive than a similar conventional plant, depending on the capture technology selected.
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Secondo recenti valutazioni del Centro comune di ricerca, la prima generazione di centrali per le tecnologie CCS costerà circa il 60-100 % in più rispetto ad un impianto tradizionale analogo, a seconda della tecnologia di cattura selezionata.
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Once CCS power plants start being deployed, costs will decrease benefiting from R&D activities and the building of economies of scale.
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Una volta che il loro numero aumenterà i costi diminuiranno grazie alle attività di ricerca e sviluppo e alla realizzazione di economie di scala.
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The cost of CO2 capture for industrial applications will also vary according to application, but may, in many cases, be lower than for power generation due to a higher concentration of CO2 in the flue gas.
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Anche il costo della cattura di CO2 per le applicazioni industriali varierà in base all'applicazione, ma potrà, in molti casi, essere inferiore al costo per la produzione di energia a causa della maggiore concentrazione di CO2 nel gas di combustione.
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Operational cost estimates of CCS vary, depending on the fuel, technology and storage type, but most calculations for current costs fall in the range of €30 to €100/tCO2 stored (on average 40 €/ton CO2 avoided for coal power plants; and 80 €/ton CO2 avoided for natural gas power plants.
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I costi operativi stimati delle tecnologie CCS variano a seconda del tipo di combustibile, della tecnologia e dello stoccaggio, ma la maggior parte dei calcoli per i costi attuali rientrano nell'intervallo tra i 30 euro e i 100 euro/tCO2 immagazzinata (in media 40 euro/tCO2 per le centrali a carbone e 80 euro/tCO2 per le centrali a gas naturale.
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In addition the costs of transport and storage must be taken into account.) These costs are expected to substantially decrease as the technology is proven on a commercial scale.
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In aggiunta è necessario tener conto dei costi di trasporto e stoccaggio).Si attende una sostanziale diminuzione di tali costi man mano che la tecnologia viene sperimentata su scala commerciale.
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LISTEN WITH READSPEAKER
Consultative Communication on the future of Carbon Capture and Storage in
Europe
What is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)?
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a set of technologies that captures
the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from industrial plants based on fossil fuels,
transports it to a suitable storage site and stores it in underground geological
formations with the aim of removing it from the atmosphere for good.
Why do we need CCS?
The European Union has committed itself to reducing greenhouse gas
emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels, as is necessary to limit
the increase in global temperatures to below 2 degrees.
There are several ways to achieve de-carbonisation, including energy efficiency,
increased use of renewable energies and carbon-free energy sources.
However, in the context of increasing demand for energy, which is likely to be
met in a large part, by fossil fuels, widespread introduction of CCS is likely
to be one of the necessary mitigation options.
The role of CCS in cost efficient climate mitigation has been confirmed by the
2050 Energy Roadmap and by the Roadmap for moving to a Low Carbon Economy in
2050, both published by the European Commission in 2011, in which all scenarios
imply the use of CCS.
What is the purpose of the Communication published today?
Today's Communication summarizes the state of play of CCS development
and identifies the barriers that have prevented the technology from progressing
in Europe at the pace initially foreseen in 2007.
The Communication then discusses some of the possible options to promote the
timely demonstration and early deployment of CCS in Europe and to strengthen its
long-term business case.
Stakeholders' views are welcome on what would be the best policy framework to
ensure that the demonstration and further deployment of CCS, if proven
commercially and technically viable, take place without further delay.
How technically mature is CCS?
Globally, more than 20 small-scale demonstration CCS projects are
successfully operating, of which two are in Europe (in Norway), and none in EU
territory.
Most of them are industrial applications, such as oil and gas processing or
chemical production, which capture CO2 for commercial reasons.
Eight of these projects have the full CCS chain, five of which are made
economically feasible through enhanced oil recovery, where the CO2 is used to
increase the extraction of crude oil.
However, CCS has yet not been applied at a large scale for mitigation of climate
change.
Bringing costs down and securing a business case therefore remains a challenge.
Why has CCS not gained ground yet in the EU?
The implementation of the envisaged demonstration projects in Europe
has proven more difficult than initially foreseen. A series of factors are
responsible for this situation, but mainly the lack of a long term business case
and the cost of the CCS technology.
At current carbon prices which are very low, and without any other legal
constraint or incentive, there is no rationale for economic operators to invest
in CCS.
Some projects (those that envisage onshore storage) have faced strong public
opposition.
While sufficient storage capacity probably exists in Europe, not all capacity is
accessible or located close to CO2 emitters.
Some Member States have decided to ban or restrict CO2 storage from their
national territories.
In addition, an adequate transport infrastructure is necessary to efficiently
connect CO2 sources to sinks.
How much will CCS cost?
According to recent Joint Research Centre assessments, the first
generation CCS power plant is expected to be about 60-100% more expensive than a
similar conventional plant, depending on the capture technology selected.
Once CCS power plants start being deployed, costs will decrease benefiting from
R&D activities and the building of economies of scale.
The cost of CO2 capture for industrial applications will also vary according to
application, but may, in many cases, be lower than for power generation due to a
higher concentration of CO2 in the flue gas.
Operational cost estimates of CCS vary, depending on the fuel, technology and
storage type, but most calculations for current costs fall in the range of €30
to €100/tCO2 stored (on average 40 €/ton CO2 avoided for coal power plants; and
80 €/ton CO2 avoided for natural gas power plants.
In addition the costs of transport and storage must be taken into account.)
These costs are expected to substantially decrease as the technology is proven
on a commercial scale.
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