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  1. A Christmas Carol
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  5. Aguinaldo
  6. Ashen faggot
  7. Belsnickel
  8. Bethlehem
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  17. Christkind
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  20. Christmas carol
  21. Christmas cracker
  22. Christmas dinner
  23. Christmas Eve
  24. Christmas flowers
  25. Christmas gift-bringers around the world
  26. Christmas lights
  27. Christmas market
  28. Christmas music
  29. Christmas number one
  30. Christmas ornament
  31. Christmas pickle
  32. Christmas pudding
  33. Christmas pyramid
  34. Christmas seal
  35. Christmas stamp
  36. Christmas stocking
  37. Christmas stories
  38. Christmastide
  39. Christmas traditions
  40. Christmas trees
  41. Christmas village
  42. Christmas worldwide
  43. Companions of Saint Nicholas
  44. Cranberry sauce
  45. David Zancai
  46. Ded Moroz
  47. Ebenezer Scrooge
  48. Eggnog
  49. Elf
  50. Epiphany
  51. Father Christmas
  52. Frosty the Snowman
  53. Fruitcake
  54. Ghost of Christmas Past
  55. Ghost of Christmas Present
  56. Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come
  57. Gingerbread
  58. Gryla
  59. Heat Miser
  60. History of some Christmas traditions
  61. Hogmanay
  62. Holly
  63. Jack Frost
  64. Jolasveinar
  65. Joulupukki
  66. Julemanden
  67. Koleda
  68. La Befana
  69. Lebkuchen
  70. Little Christmas
  71. Marzipan
  72. Mince pie
  73. Mistletoe
  74. Mr. Bingle
  75. Mrs. Claus
  76. Mulled wine
  77. Nativity Fast
  78. Nativity of Jesus
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  80. Nine Lessons and Carols
  81. North Pole, Alaska
  82. Nutcracker
  83. Olentzero
  84. Origins of Santa Claus
  85. Pandoro
  86. Panettone
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  89. Père Noël
  90. Poinsettia
  91. Regifting
  92. Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree
  93. Royal Christmas Message
  94. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
  95. Saint Nicholas
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  97. Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
  98. Santa Claus on film
  99. Santa Claus parade
  100. Santa Claus' reindeer
  101. Santa Claus rituals
  102. Santa's Grotto
  103. Santon
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  105. Snap-dragon
  106. Snow baby
  107. Snow Miser
  108. Star of Bethlehem
  109. Stollen
  110. The Grinch
  111. Tiny Tim
  112. Tio de Nadal
  113. Tomte
  114. Tree topper
  115. Turron
  116. Twelfth Night
  117. Twelve days of Christmas
  118. Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper
  119. Wassail
  120. Wassailing
  121. White Christmas
  122. Winter holiday greetings
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CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_reindeer

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Santa Claus' reindeer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Santa Claus' reindeer are a team of reindeer which pull his sleigh and help him deliver Christmas gifts. According to Kris Kringle (Miracle on 34th Street), they only fly on Christmas Eve.

The names of the original eight reindeer are taken from the 1823 poem A Visit from St. Nicholas[1], which led to the popularity of reindeer as Christmas symbols.[2] The poem reads in part:

With a little old driver so lively and quick,
I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.
More rapid than eagles, his coursers they came,
And he whistled and shouted and called them by name:

Now Dasher! Now Dancer! Now, Prancer and Vixen!
On, Comet! On, Cupid! On, Donner and Blitzen!
To the top of the porch! To the top of the wall!
Now dash away! Dash away! Dash away all!

Over time, two more reindeer have been added: Rudolph and Robbie, the former a well-known name due to the popular Christmas song Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, the latter a British media character. "Robbie" is virtually unknown in the United States.

Also, another "reindeer" has shown up. A dog known as Olive the Other Reindeer showed on a Christmas TV special in 1999. Olive thought she was another reindeer (see below).

According to the poem, the appearance is a "miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer" and they are "more rapid than eagles". The poem does not describe them, nor their positions in the sleigh-team, but does say they fly. [1]

In some countries, such as Finland, Santa's reindeer do not fly.[3]

Origins

  • The original eight reindeer are drawn from the 1823 poem A Visit From St. Nicholas.
  • Rudolph was added following the publication of Robert L. May's Christmas story in 1939
  • Robbie was added by BBC television in aid of Comic Relief, around 1999.

The reindeer

Original eight

Sleigh order

The original eight reindeer are arranged as follows on Santa's sleigh, assuming that the reindeer are named in the poem from front to back, with the reindeer on the left being male, and the reindeer on the right being female.

(In the film Santa Claus: The Movie, the arrangement is reversed, with Dunder/Donner and Blixem/Blitzen (Claus' two reindeer from his mortal life) in the lead.)

The last two reindeer names were Dunder and Blixem when the poem was first published anonymously in the Troy, New York Sentinel on 1823-12-23.[2] When Moore later published the work as his own (Poems, 1844), the names were spelled Donder and Blitzen.[3] In a number of later reprintings, Dunder/Donder's name is further simplified to Donner.[4]

In An American Anthology, 1787–1900, Edmund Clarence Stedman reprints the 1844 Moore version of the poem, including the German spelling of "Donder and Blitzen", rather than the earlier Dutch version from 1823, "Dunder and Blixem". Both phrases translate as "Thunder and Lightning" in English, though German for thunder is now spelled Donner, and the Dutch words would nowadays be spelled Donder and Bliksem.

According to the Donder Home Page,[5] Robert May used Donner and Blitzen in his 1939 story "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer." The sheet music for Johnny Marks' 1949 song "Rudolph The Red Nosed Reindeer" also uses Donner and Blitzen.

Descriptions

  • Dasher - The first reindeer and the right-hand leader of the sleigh before Rudolph was included. He is the speediest reindeer.
  • Dancer - The second reindeer and the left leader before Rudolph was included. She is the graceful reindeer.
  • Prancer - The third reindeer and on the right in the second row. He is the most powerful reindeer.
  • Vixen - The fourth reindeer and on the left-hand side in the second row. She is beautiful, and also powerful like her companion Prancer.
  • Comet - The fifth reindeer and on the right-hand side in the third row. He brings wonder and happiness to children when Santa flies over everyone's houses.
  • Cupid - The sixth reindeer and on the left-hand side in the third row. She brings love and joy to children when Santa flies over everyone's houses.
  • Donner - The seventh reindeer and on the right-hand side in the fourth row.
  • Blitzen - The eighth reindeer and on the left-hand side in the fourth row. She is the "lightning" reindeer, but in American pop culture Blixem/Blitzen is frequently portrayed as a male.

Additional reindeer since the writing of the poem

Rudolph (the red-nosed reindeer)

Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer

Rudolph's story was originally written in verse by Robert L. May for the Montgomery Ward chain of department stores in 1939 and published as a book to be given to children in the store at Christmas time.

According to this story, Rudolph was the son of Donder, and was born with a glowing red nose, which made him a social outcast among the other reindeer. However, one Christmas eve it was too foggy for Santa Claus to make his flight around the world. About to cancel, Santa suddenly noticed Rudolph's nose, and decided it could be a makeshift lamp to guide his sleigh. Since then Rudolph has been said to be a permanent member of Santa's team, and leads them on their way.

Rudolph's story is a popular Christmas story that has been retold in numerous forms including a popular song, a television special, and even a feature film.

Robbie

Main article: Robbie the Reindeer

Robbie is Rudolph's son. He was created as part of an animated BBC Christmas comedy television special, that was made in aid of the charity Comic Relief.

Olive, the Other Reindeer

Main article: Olive, the Other Reindeer

Although not actually a reindeer, Olive is a fictional dog who believes she might be a reindeer. In Matt Groening's 1999 Christmas special Olive, the Other Reindeer, the new character is added to the team to lead Santa's sleigh, at least temporarily. The name is a reference to the phonetic sound of the phrase, "All of the other reindeer."

Santa Claus is Watching You

In the song "Santa Claus is Watching You" by Ray Stevens, the reindeer include the traditional ones plus "Bruce and Marvin, Leon, Cletus and George and Bill and Slick, and Do-right, Clyde (who's actually a camel borrowed from Stevens's previous song Ahab the Arab) and Ace and Blackie and Queenie, and Prince and Spot and Rover." What happened to Rudolph? In the original 1965 version of the song, Rudolph "dislocated his hip in a Twist contest", so Clyde is his replacement. In a later version of the song, in which the singer is talking to his lover, Rudolph is "on a stakeout" at the lover's house (making sure said person remains true to the singer).

Leroy the Redneck Reindeer

In the song "Leroy the Redneck Reindeer" sung by Joe Diffie, the title character fills in for an ill Rudolph. Leroy's customs surprise the other reindeer, but the sleigh team eventually accepts him.

See also

  • Christmas
  • Folklore

External links

  • The Legendary Role of Reindeer in Christmas
  • History of Rudolph

References

  1. ^ Note there is some dispute as to authorship of the poem.
  2. ^ Source: http://mymerrychristmas.com/2005/reindeer.shtml
  3. ^ See: Joulupukki and the article on Rudolph for more.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_reindeer"