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ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Accordion
  2. Acoustic bass guitar
  3. Aeolian harp
  4. Archlute
  5. Bagpipes
  6. Balalaika
  7. Bandoneon
  8. Banjo
  9. Baroque trumpet
  10. Bass drum
  11. Bassoon
  12. Bongo drums
  13. Bouzouki
  14. Brass band
  15. Brass instrument
  16. Bugle
  17. Carillon
  18. Castanet
  19. Celesta
  20. Cello
  21. Chapman Stick
  22. Chime tree
  23. Chordophone
  24. Cimbalom
  25. Clarinet
  26. Claves
  27. Clavichord
  28. Clavinet
  29. Concertina
  30. Conga
  31. Cornamuse
  32. Cornet
  33. Cornett
  34. Cowbell
  35. Crash cymbal
  36. Crotales
  37. Cymbal
  38. Digital piano
  39. Disklavier
  40. Double bass
  41. Drum
  42. Drum kit
  43. Drum machine
  44. Drum stick
  45. Electric bass
  46. Electric guitar
  47. Electric harp
  48. Electric instrument
  49. Electric piano
  50. Electric violin
  51. Electronic instrument
  52. Electronic keyboard
  53. Electronic organ
  54. English horn
  55. Euphonium
  56. Fiddle
  57. Flamenco guitar
  58. Floor tom
  59. Flugelhorn
  60. Flute
  61. Flute d'amour
  62. Glockenspiel
  63. Gong
  64. Hammered dulcimer
  65. Hammond organ
  66. Handbells
  67. Harmonica
  68. Harmonium
  69. Harp
  70. Harp guitar
  71. Harpsichord
  72. Hi-hat
  73. Horn
  74. Horn section
  75. Keyboard instrument
  76. Koto
  77. Lamellaphone
  78. Latin percussion
  79. List of string instruments
  80. Lute
  81. Lyre
  82. Mandola
  83. Mandolin
  84. Manual
  85. Maraca
  86. Marimba
  87. Marimbaphone
  88. Mellophone
  89. Melodica
  90. Metallophone
  91. Mouthpiece
  92. Music
  93. Musical bow
  94. Musical instrument
  95. Musical instrument classification
  96. Musical instrument digital interface
  97. Musical keyboard
  98. Oboe
  99. Ocarina
  100. Orchestra
  101. Organ
  102. Organology
  103. Pan flute
  104. Pedalboard
  105. Percussion instrument
  106. Piano
  107. Piccolo
  108. Pickup
  109. Pipe organ
  110. Piston valve
  111. Player piano
  112. Plectrum
  113. Psaltery
  114. Recorder
  115. Ride cymbal
  116. Sampler
  117. Saxophone
  118. Shamisen
  119. Sitar
  120. Snare drum
  121. Sound module
  122. Spinet
  123. Steel drums
  124. Steel-string acoustic guitar
  125. Stringed instrument
  126. String instrument
  127. Strings
  128. Synthesizer
  129. Tambourine
  130. Theremin
  131. Timbales
  132. Timpani
  133. Tom-tom drum
  134. Triangle
  135. Trombone
  136. Trumpet
  137. Tuba
  138. Tubular bell
  139. Tuned percussion
  140. Ukulele
  141. Vibraphone
  142. Viol
  143. Viola
  144. Viola d'amore
  145. Violin
  146. Vocal music
  147. Wind instrument
  148. Wood block
  149. Woodwind instrument
  150. Xylophone
  151. Zither

 



MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disklavier

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Disklavier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

The trade name Disklavier (DIS-Klah-veer) refers to a family of piano-related products originated and continuously manufactured by Yamaha Corporation, based in Hamamatsu, Japan, with branches and subsidiaries worldwide.

The Disklavier is, in essence, a player piano system utilizing electro-mechanical solenoids and an array of optical sensors connected to powerful light-emitting diodes (LED's) which allow the Disklavier to play notes and pedal strokes independent of any human performer.

Disklaviers have the capability to record data in the form of human input (as in a piano performance) and to replay that input accurately as a piano. Additionally, they are able to receive MIDI data, transmitted by floppy disk, CD-ROM, via serial or USB cable or even directly from the Internet.

The Disklavier was introduced to the US market in 1987 through Yamaha Corporation of America.

Disklavier and Acoustic Piano

In spite of electro-mechanic and electronic components inside a disklavier, the way it produces piano sound is exactly the same as acoustic piano. Pressing disklavier's key causes a hammer hitting the strings thus the sound is formed. Disklavier contains 88 keys, hammers, strings, iron frame, wooden soundboard, dampers, etc. just like other acoustic pianos.

Silent Piano

The disklavier's sensor systems enable it to sense which keys are pressed, how much pressure is applied and the details of player's touch. When the "silent" feature is turned on, a bar (motor-driven hammer shank stopper) is activated to stop the hammer from reaching the strings, effectively silencing the piano to outside ears. Sophisticated electronic components then take over, reproducing the same rich tones through stereo headphones. This allows the pianists to play without intruding on those around them.

Sensor System

Disklavier's ability to record music depends on the system sensor installed inside the piano directly by Yamaha at the factory. Some disklavier "playback only" models do not have this sensors. Mark IV Key Sensors: non-contact optical fiber/grayscale shutter sensing system for 88 keys (senses the key position, keying velocity, and key releasing velocity). Mark IV Hammer Sensors: non-contact optical fiber/grayscale shutter sensing system. Mark IV Pedal Sensors: non-contact digital optical sensing system (continuous senses the pedal position). With the grayscale key sensor, the Mark IV monitors every motion of the key and hammer, even rapidly repeated notes, with meticulous precision and the softest touch. This technology also allows the Mark IV to calibrate itself as the action matures. Mark III (for upright DU1A piano) key sensors: single-beam, on/off optical sensors; hammer sensors: single-beam, four-point, optical; pedal sensors: sustain and shift, incremental, position-sensing, optical.

Drive System

To move the hammer and press the keys down, the following drive system is installed. Mark IV: DSP servo drive system (high-power servo-controlled solenoids for keys, and servocontrolled solenoids for pedals). Mark III: Self-calibrating solenoids for keys, and trapwork-integrated solenoids, incremental response for pedals

Connecting to other instruments

Midi IN/OUT termintals let players control other electronic musical devices from the piano keyboard or access the piano's digital sound from external equipments like sequencers or computers. Mark IV piano also has the following I/O connections: S/PDIF, USB, Midi, Ethernet.

Disklavier Control Unit

Disklavier is a set of piano and a control unit that functions to control the electronic parts of the piano. The control unit has a 3.5" floppy disk drive to play or record music, and a CD drive. Yamaha's commercial piano software (packaged as floppy disk or CD) may play not only piano music but also other instrument accompaniments produced by the XG tone generator installed in the control unit. For example, it is possible to have a jazz piano trio as the sound of bass and drums are from the speakers. The XG tone generator contains 676 sampled AWM2 voices, 21 drum kits, and is capable in playing 64 or 32 (depending on the disklavier model) note maximum polyphony.

Disklavier PRO

With more advanced hardware, disklavier Pro grand pianos set the highest standards of accuracy in acoustic reproductions that normally demanded by professional recording studios. Key drive units integrate servo feedback control and high-speed processing for precise, high-performance playback. Pedal drive units are servo controlled with their own dedicated CPU for meticulous reproduction of every motion. Optical continuous-action key motion sensors register exact keystoke speed, depth, and release speed. Optical hammer speed sensors work in conjunction with key motion sensors to record performance data with outstanding precision.

Disklavier Midi File

For Disklavier Pro, the recorded midi file format (XP SMF) constitutes a high resolution file that goes beyond the boundaries of a typical MIDI file. This file uses a scale of 0-1023 to record hammer (note-on) velocity, key-on velocity, and key-release (note-off) velocity. Pedal data for sustain and una corda are recorded as continuous data from 0-127. This type of file should be played from the disklavier control unit, not from computer.

For other disklavier series, the format conforms to the normal MIDI specification but includes data that is not often recorded or played back by other MIDI instruments, such as key release velocity (from 0-127). As with the XP SMF, pedal data for sustain and una corda are recorded as continuous data from 0-127.

Mark IV

The current Mark IV series of the Disklavier has wireless networking capability which enables the user to control the piano via either a PDA-style remote or a Tablet PC-style remote. The Mark IV series also features an 80 gigabyte hard drive and a slim console, known as the Media Center, located under the left side of the keyboard.

Installation of Disklavier

The Disklavier system is incorporated into the piano only at the Yamaha factory, and Disklavier PRO can be ordered into the full line of Conservatory and Concert Series grand pianos, up to and including the CFIIIS 9' concert grand. A limited number of upright models are also available, often based on the U1 - although in Japan U3 based models have been made available, and several models based on the non-professional uprights have been released in the UK. These smaller models often have smaller feature sets - for example, some do not have the pedal sensors or recording capability. A limited edition Elton John Piano Signature Series was also released to commemorate Elton John's long standing use of the Yamaha CFIIIS piano. The Limited Edition Elton John piano is distinguished by its distinctive red color and additional Elton John songs in its memory, utilizing both audio and MIDI information.

Piano-e-Competition

In 2002, the first-ever International Piano-e-Competition, based in St. Paul, Minnesota, became the first such competitive musical event to utilize the Disklavier PRO in transmitting and storing live performances. In fall 2005 the first compact disc appeared of works entirely written for the Disklavier, Kyle Gann's Nude Rolling Down an Escalator.

External links

  • Yamaha Company
  • DUG / Disklavier Groups Wiki
  • Art of the States: Disklavier American classical works featuring the instrument
  • Zenph Studios Specialize in re-creating live performances from past recordings
  • Peter Taussig plays Bach on Disklavier Musical Sculpting - computer assisted piano performances
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disklavier"