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ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Accordion
  2. Acoustic bass guitar
  3. Aeolian harp
  4. Archlute
  5. Bagpipes
  6. Balalaika
  7. Bandoneon
  8. Banjo
  9. Baroque trumpet
  10. Bass drum
  11. Bassoon
  12. Bongo drums
  13. Bouzouki
  14. Brass band
  15. Brass instrument
  16. Bugle
  17. Carillon
  18. Castanet
  19. Celesta
  20. Cello
  21. Chapman Stick
  22. Chime tree
  23. Chordophone
  24. Cimbalom
  25. Clarinet
  26. Claves
  27. Clavichord
  28. Clavinet
  29. Concertina
  30. Conga
  31. Cornamuse
  32. Cornet
  33. Cornett
  34. Cowbell
  35. Crash cymbal
  36. Crotales
  37. Cymbal
  38. Digital piano
  39. Disklavier
  40. Double bass
  41. Drum
  42. Drum kit
  43. Drum machine
  44. Drum stick
  45. Electric bass
  46. Electric guitar
  47. Electric harp
  48. Electric instrument
  49. Electric piano
  50. Electric violin
  51. Electronic instrument
  52. Electronic keyboard
  53. Electronic organ
  54. English horn
  55. Euphonium
  56. Fiddle
  57. Flamenco guitar
  58. Floor tom
  59. Flugelhorn
  60. Flute
  61. Flute d'amour
  62. Glockenspiel
  63. Gong
  64. Hammered dulcimer
  65. Hammond organ
  66. Handbells
  67. Harmonica
  68. Harmonium
  69. Harp
  70. Harp guitar
  71. Harpsichord
  72. Hi-hat
  73. Horn
  74. Horn section
  75. Keyboard instrument
  76. Koto
  77. Lamellaphone
  78. Latin percussion
  79. List of string instruments
  80. Lute
  81. Lyre
  82. Mandola
  83. Mandolin
  84. Manual
  85. Maraca
  86. Marimba
  87. Marimbaphone
  88. Mellophone
  89. Melodica
  90. Metallophone
  91. Mouthpiece
  92. Music
  93. Musical bow
  94. Musical instrument
  95. Musical instrument classification
  96. Musical instrument digital interface
  97. Musical keyboard
  98. Oboe
  99. Ocarina
  100. Orchestra
  101. Organ
  102. Organology
  103. Pan flute
  104. Pedalboard
  105. Percussion instrument
  106. Piano
  107. Piccolo
  108. Pickup
  109. Pipe organ
  110. Piston valve
  111. Player piano
  112. Plectrum
  113. Psaltery
  114. Recorder
  115. Ride cymbal
  116. Sampler
  117. Saxophone
  118. Shamisen
  119. Sitar
  120. Snare drum
  121. Sound module
  122. Spinet
  123. Steel drums
  124. Steel-string acoustic guitar
  125. Stringed instrument
  126. String instrument
  127. Strings
  128. Synthesizer
  129. Tambourine
  130. Theremin
  131. Timbales
  132. Timpani
  133. Tom-tom drum
  134. Triangle
  135. Trombone
  136. Trumpet
  137. Tuba
  138. Tubular bell
  139. Tuned percussion
  140. Ukulele
  141. Vibraphone
  142. Viol
  143. Viola
  144. Viola d'amore
  145. Violin
  146. Vocal music
  147. Wind instrument
  148. Wood block
  149. Woodwind instrument
  150. Xylophone
  151. Zither

 



MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddle

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Fiddle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

The term fiddle refers to a violin when used in folk music. It is also a colloquial term for the instrument used by players in all genres, including classical music. Fiddle playing, or fiddling, is a style of music.

Violin vs. fiddle

A violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, regardless of the kind of music being played with it. The word "violin" is derived from Italian and the word "fiddle" is English.

Historically, the word fiddle also referred to a predecessor of today's violin. Like the violin, it tended to have 4 strings, but came in a variety of shapes and sizes. Another series of instruments which contributed to the development of the modern fiddle was the viol, which was played while held between the legs, and has a fretted fingerboard.

One very slight difference between "fiddles" and ordinary violins may be seen in American (e.g., bluegrass and old-time music) fiddling: in these styles, the top of the bridge may be cut so that it is very slightly less curved. This reduces the range of right-arm motion required for the rapid string-crossings found in some styles, and is said to make it easier to play double stops and shuffles (bariolage), or to make triple stops possible, allowing one to play chords.

Most classical violinists prefer a more rounded curve to the top of the bridge that allows them to articulate each note more easily and clearly. In practice, most instruments are fitted with a rounded bridge to better accommodate the shape of the fingerboard. (One exception is the 3-string kontra or bracsa, a viola used in Hungarian and Transylvanian folk music fitted with an absolutely flat bridge to allow all three strings to be played simultaneously.) In any case, the difference between "round" and "flat" is not great; about a quarter or half a millimeter variation in the height of one or two strings. A fiddle strung with steel will work best with a bridge as much as a millimeter lower overall. For gut, nylon or other synthetic-core strings, the action may be set suitably higher. As a violin's bridge is relatively easy to replace, modifying the bridge does not permanently make a violin into a fiddle.

In construction, fiddles and violins are exactly the same. Various clichés describe the difference: "When you are buying it, it's a fiddle. When you are selling it, it's a violin," The violin sings, the fiddle dances," or "A fiddle is a violin with attitude," or "No one cries when they spill beer on a fiddle." As might be expected from the differences between classical and folk music, violinists tend to be formally trained and fiddlers tend to be informally trained, although crossing over is not uncommon.

Fiddling

In performance, solo fiddling is the norm, though twin fiddling is represented in some North American, Scandinavian, and Irish styles. Violins, on the other hand, are commonly grouped in sections. These contrasting traditions may be vestiges of historical performance settings: large concert halls in which violins were played required more instruments, before electronic amplification, than did more intimate dance halls and houses fiddles were played in. The difference was likely compounded by the different sounds expected of violin music and fiddle music. Historically, the majority of fiddle music was dance music, while violin music had either grown out of dance music or was something else entirely. Violin music came to value a smoothness which fiddling, with its dance-driven clear beat, did not always follow - in situations that required greater volume, a fiddler (as long as they kept the beat) could push their instrument harder than could a violinist. (Different fiddle traditions had different values, as detailed below; these explanations are meant to present the differences between fiddle music and violin music generally.)

Following the folk revivals of the second half of the 20th century, however, it has become common for less formal situations to find large groups of fiddlers playing together -- see for example the Swedish Spelmanslag folk-musician clubs, and the world-wide[1] phenomenon of Irish sessions.

In the very late 20th century, a few artists have successfully attempted a reconstruction of the Scottish tradition of violin and "big fiddle," or cello. Notable recorded examples include Amelia Kaminski and Christine Hanson's Bonnie Lasses and Alasdair Fraser and Natalie Haas' Fire and Grace.

Bows used in fiddling

Most fiddling styles that use the standard violin also use the standard violin bow, the same as so-called "classical" players. However, there are a few styles which use other bows. One notable example is the folk music from Hungary and Transylvania used in the táncház tradition. While the violinist uses a standard bow, both the kontra (3-string viola) and bass are played here with short, heavy and crude "folk bows", consisting of a stout stick, usually hand-hewn, with the hank of horsehair attached at the tip and tied around the frog. The player tensions the hair by squeezing it when playing. Bows are usually made from wood, but are more commonly seen in glass and other substances nowadays. Wood is becoming less common and more expensive, as it is a better quality.

Fiddling styles

To a greater extent than classical violin playing, fiddle playing is characterized by a huge variety of ethnic or folk music traditions, each of which has its own distinctive sound, including, but not limited to:

  • American fiddling, including
    • Old Time fiddling
    • New England style fiddling, and contra dance fiddling generally
    • Cajun fiddling
    • Texas style fiddling
    • Contest Fiddling
    • Bluegrass fiddling
  • Arabic Music
  • Balkan Music, Táncház (Hungarian) and Romanian music
Newfoundland fiddle player Patrick Moran
Newfoundland fiddle player Patrick Moran
  • Canadian fiddling, including
    • Cape Breton fiddling, with a distinct Scottish and Acadian influence
    • Québécois fiddling, influenced from the Brittany area of northern France
    • Métis fiddling, of central and western Canada, with French influence
    • Newfoundland fiddling, with a strong Irish Sliabh Luachra style of playing
    • Maritime or Downeast style of fiddling which has many similarities to Cape Breton fiddling
  • English fiddling
  • French fiddling (including a rich Breton fiddling tradition)
  • Irish fiddling including, among others,
    • Clare fiddling, from the central west
    • Donegal fiddling, from the northwest
    • Sligo fiddling, from a bit south of the northwest
  • Nordic folk fiddling (including Hardanger fiddling)
  • Peruvian violin
  • Scottish fiddling
  • Slovenian fiddling
  • South Indian Carnatic fiddling

List of notable recorded fiddle players

  • Fred Carpenter
  • Stuart Duncan
  • Betse Ellis
  • Johnny Gimble
  • Red Herron
  • Bobby Hicks
  • Buddy Spicher
  • Paul Warren
  • Chubby Wise

American

Appalachian/Piedmont
  • Kenny Baker (Bill Monroe's fiddler)
  • Vernon Derrick (Jimmy Martin's fiddler)
  • Rayna Gellert
  • Ed Haley
  • Tommy Jarrell
  • Clark Kessinger
  • John Salyer
  • Bruce Greene (collector of Kentucky tunes and styles)
  • Bruce Molsky


 

Bluegrass
  • Darol Anger
  • Byron Berline
  • Sam Bush
  • Vassar Clements
  • John Hartford
  • Aubrey Haynie
  • Alison Krauss (also Country)
  • Benny Martin
  • Mark O'Connor (also Jazz, Texas)
  • Ricky Skaggs
  • Jim Van Cleve
  • Sara Watkins
Contra dance (including New England)
  • Sarah Blair
  • Ruthie Dornfeld
  • David Kaynor
  • Dudley Laufman
  • Randy Miller
  • Rodney Miller
  • Lissa Schneckenburger
  • Harvey Tolman
  • Becky Tracy
  • Sam Amidon
  • Sue Sternberg
Country
  • Charlie Daniels
  • Alison Krauss
  • Gid Tanner
  • Bob Wills
  • Martie Maguire
Irish
  • Eileen Ivers
  • Bridget Regan
  • Martin Hayes
  • Michael Coleman
Jazz
  • Mark O'Connor (also Bluegrass, Texas)
The South
  • Clayton McMichen
Texas
  • Benny Thomasson
  • Mark O'Connor (also Bluegrass, Jazz)

Canadian

  • Tania Elizabeth
  • Mitchell Grobb
  • April Verch
  • Ashley MacIssac
Cape Breton
  • Natalie MacMaster
Quebec
  • Olivier Demers
  • Jean Carignan
  • Joseph-Ovila La Madeleine
  • Omer Dumas

Irish

Clare
  • Paddy Canny
  • Junior Crehan
  • Martin Hayes
  • P.J. Hayes
  • Martin Rochford
Donegal
  • Neillidh Ó Baoighill
  • James Byrne
  • Vincent Campbell
  • John Doherty
  • Danny O'Donnell
  • Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh
  • Proinnsias Ó Mhaonaigh
  • Tommy Peoples
  • Paul O'Shaughnessy
Sligo
  • Kevin Burke
  • John Carty
  • Michael Coleman
  • Paddy Killoran
  • Tommy Potts
  • Kathleen Collins

Scottish

  • Duncan Chisholm
  • Johnny Cunningham
  • Alasdair Fraser
  • Dougie MacLean

References

  1. ^ The Session: Sessions. Retrieved on 28 August 2006.

See also

  • A Tribute to the Best Damn Fiddle Player in the World (Or My Salute to Bob Wills)
  • Donegal fiddle tradition

Further reading and external links

  • The Fiddle Book, by Marion Thede, (1970), Oak Plublications. ISBN 0-8256-0145-2.
  • Fiddle Tunes of the Old Frontier, the Henry Reed Collection, US Library of Congress audio clips, and transcriptions by Alan Jabbour
  • Folk and Alternative Strings Community
  • Voyager Records' catalog, organized by region, has clips of many North American styles.
  • A French Violin fiddle method website - video, text, and forum with explanation (with tablatures).
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddle"