WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
?????????

ART
- Great Painters
BUSINESS&LAW
- Accounting
- Fundamentals of Law
- Marketing
- Shorthand
CARS
- Concept Cars
GAMES&SPORT
- Videogames
- The World of Sports

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
- Blogs
- Free Software
- Google
- My Computer

- PHP Language and Applications
- Wikipedia
- Windows Vista

EDUCATION
- Education
LITERATURE
- Masterpieces of English Literature
LINGUISTICS
- American English

- English Dictionaries
- The English Language

MEDICINE
- Medical Emergencies
- The Theory of Memory
MUSIC&DANCE
- The Beatles
- Dances
- Microphones
- Musical Notation
- Music Instruments
SCIENCE
- Batteries
- Nanotechnology
LIFESTYLE
- Cosmetics
- Diets
- Vegetarianism and Veganism
TRADITIONS
- Christmas Traditions
NATURE
- Animals

- Fruits And Vegetables



ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Adobe Reader
  2. Adware
  3. Altavista
  4. AOL
  5. Apple Macintosh
  6. Application software
  7. Arrow key
  8. Artificial Intelligence
  9. ASCII
  10. Assembly language
  11. Automatic translation
  12. Avatar
  13. Babylon
  14. Bandwidth
  15. Bit
  16. BitTorrent
  17. Black hat
  18. Blog
  19. Bluetooth
  20. Bulletin board system
  21. Byte
  22. Cache memory
  23. Celeron
  24. Central processing unit
  25. Chat room
  26. Client
  27. Command line interface
  28. Compiler
  29. Computer
  30. Computer bus
  31. Computer card
  32. Computer display
  33. Computer file
  34. Computer games
  35. Computer graphics
  36. Computer hardware
  37. Computer keyboard
  38. Computer networking
  39. Computer printer
  40. Computer program
  41. Computer programmer
  42. Computer science
  43. Computer security
  44. Computer software
  45. Computer storage
  46. Computer system
  47. Computer terminal
  48. Computer virus
  49. Computing
  50. Conference call
  51. Context menu
  52. Creative commons
  53. Creative Commons License
  54. Creative Technology
  55. Cursor
  56. Data
  57. Database
  58. Data storage device
  59. Debuggers
  60. Demo
  61. Desktop computer
  62. Digital divide
  63. Discussion groups
  64. DNS server
  65. Domain name
  66. DOS
  67. Download
  68. Download manager
  69. DVD-ROM
  70. DVD-RW
  71. E-mail
  72. E-mail spam
  73. File Transfer Protocol
  74. Firewall
  75. Firmware
  76. Flash memory
  77. Floppy disk drive
  78. GNU
  79. GNU General Public License
  80. GNU Project
  81. Google
  82. Google AdWords
  83. Google bomb
  84. Graphics
  85. Graphics card
  86. Hacker
  87. Hacker culture
  88. Hard disk
  89. High-level programming language
  90. Home computer
  91. HTML
  92. Hyperlink
  93. IBM
  94. Image processing
  95. Image scanner
  96. Instant messaging
  97. Instruction
  98. Intel
  99. Intel Core 2
  100. Interface
  101. Internet
  102. Internet bot
  103. Internet Explorer
  104. Internet protocols
  105. Internet service provider
  106. Interoperability
  107. IP addresses
  108. IPod
  109. Joystick
  110. JPEG
  111. Keyword
  112. Laptop computer
  113. Linux
  114. Linux kernel
  115. Liquid crystal display
  116. List of file formats
  117. List of Google products
  118. Local area network
  119. Logitech
  120. Machine language
  121. Mac OS X
  122. Macromedia Flash
  123. Mainframe computer
  124. Malware
  125. Media center
  126. Media player
  127. Megabyte
  128. Microsoft
  129. Microsoft Windows
  130. Microsoft Word
  131. Mirror site
  132. Modem
  133. Motherboard
  134. Mouse
  135. Mouse pad
  136. Mozilla Firefox
  137. Mp3
  138. MPEG
  139. MPEG-4
  140. Multimedia
  141. Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  142. Netscape
  143. Network card
  144. News ticker
  145. Office suite
  146. Online auction
  147. Online chat
  148. Open Directory Project
  149. Open source
  150. Open source software
  151. Opera
  152. Operating system
  153. Optical character recognition
  154. Optical disc
  155. output
  156. PageRank
  157. Password
  158. Pay-per-click
  159. PC speaker
  160. Peer-to-peer
  161. Pentium
  162. Peripheral
  163. Personal computer
  164. Personal digital assistant
  165. Phishing
  166. Pirated software
  167. Podcasting
  168. Pointing device
  169. POP3
  170. Programming language
  171. QuickTime
  172. Random access memory
  173. Routers
  174. Safari
  175. Scalability
  176. Scrollbar
  177. Scrolling
  178. Scroll wheel
  179. Search engine
  180. Security cracking
  181. Server
  182. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  183. Skype
  184. Social software
  185. Software bug
  186. Software cracker
  187. Software library
  188. Software utility
  189. Solaris Operating Environment
  190. Sound Blaster
  191. Soundcard
  192. Spam
  193. Spamdexing
  194. Spam in blogs
  195. Speech recognition
  196. Spoofing attack
  197. Spreadsheet
  198. Spyware
  199. Streaming media
  200. Supercomputer
  201. Tablet computer
  202. Telecommunications
  203. Text messaging
  204. Trackball
  205. Trojan horse
  206. TV card
  207. Unicode
  208. Uniform Resource Identifier
  209. Unix
  210. URL redirection
  211. USB flash drive
  212. USB port
  213. User interface
  214. Vlog
  215. Voice over IP
  216. Warez
  217. Wearable computer
  218. Web application
  219. Web banner
  220. Web browser
  221. Web crawler
  222. Web directories
  223. Web indexing
  224. Webmail
  225. Web page
  226. Website
  227. Wiki
  228. Wikipedia
  229. WIMP
  230. Windows CE
  231. Windows key
  232. Windows Media Player
  233. Windows Vista
  234. Word processor
  235. World Wide Web
  236. Worm
  237. XML
  238. X Window System
  239. Yahoo
  240. Zombie computer
 



MY COMPUTER
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Computing

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
For the formal concept of computation, see computation.
Look up computing in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 

Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a science and technology that deals with the original sense of computing mathematical calculations. "Computing" has come to mean the operation and usage of computing machines, the electrical processes carried out within the computing hardware itself, and the theoretical concepts governing them (computer science).

The following definition of computing is given in the ACM report Computing as a Discipline:

The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is 'What can be (efficiently) automated?'

In short, the concept of computing relates to human knowledge and activities which develop and use computer technologies.

Science and theory

  • Computer science
  • Theory of computation
  • Computational models
  • DBLP, as of February 2006, now lists over 725 000 bibliographic entries on computer science and several thousand links to the home pages of computer scientists
  • Scientific computing
  • Metacomputing

Hardware

See information processor for a high-level block diagram.

  • Computer
  • Computer hardware
  • Computer Hardware Design
  • Computer network
  • Computer system
  • History of computing hardware

Instruction-level taxonomies

After the commoditization of memory, attention turned to optimizing CPU performance at the instruction level. Various methods of speeding up the fetch-execute cycle include:

  • designing instruction set architectures with simpler, faster instructions: RISC as opposed to CISC
  • Superscalar instruction execution
  • VLIW architectures, which make parallelism explicit

Software

  • Software engineering
  • Computer programming
  • Computational
  • Software patent

History of computing

  • History of computing hardware from the tally stick to the quantum computer
  • Punch Card
  • Unit record equipment
  • IBM 700/7000 series
  • IBM 1400 series
  • System/360
  • Early IBM disk storage

Business computing

  • Accounting software
  • Computer-aided design
  • Computer-aided manufacturing
  • Computer-assisted dispatch
  • Customer relationship management
  • Data warehouse
  • Decision support system
  • Electronic data processing
  • Enterprise resource planning
  • Geographic information system
  • Management information system
  • Material requirements planning
  • Strategic enterprise management
  • Supply chain management
  • Product Lifecycle Management
  • Utility Computing

Managed Service Provider, MSP

  • Virtual IT Solution

Human factors

  • Accessible computing
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Human-centered computing

Computer security

  • Cryptology - cryptography - information theory
  • Cracking - demon dialing - Hacking - war dialing - war driving
  • Social engineering - Dumpster diving
  • Physical security - Black bag job
  • Computer insecurity
  • Computer surveillance
  • defensive programming
  • malware
  • security engineering

Data

Numeric data

  • integral data types - bit, byte, etc.
  • real data types:
    • Floating point (Single precision, Double precision, etc.)
    • Fixed point
    • Rational number
  • Decimal
    • Binary-coded decimal (BCD)
    • Excess-3 BCD (XS-3)
    • Biquinary-coded decimal
  • representation: Binary - Octal - Decimal - Hexadecimal (hex)
  • Computer mathematics - Computer numbering formats -

Character data

  • storage: Character - String - Text - Plain text
    • representation: ASCII - Unicode - Multibyte - EBCDIC (Widecharacter, Multicharacter) - Fieldata - Baudot

Other data topics

  • Data compression
  • Digital signal processing
  • Image processing
  • Indexed
  • Data management

Mechatronics

  • Punch card
  • Key punch
  • Unit record equipment

Classes of computers

  • Analog computer
  • Calculator
  • Desktop computer
  • Desktop replacement computer
  • Digital computer
  • Embedded computer
  • Home computer
  • Laptop
  • Mainframe
  • Minicomputer
  • Microcomputer
  • Personal computer
  • Portable computer
  • Personal digital assistant (aka PDA, or Handheld computer)
  • Server
  • Supercomputer
  • Tablet PC
  • Video game console
  • Workstation

Companies - current

  • Apple Computer
  • Avaya
  • Dell
  • Fujitsu
  • Gateway Computers
  • Groupe Bull
  • Hewlett-Packard
  • Hitachi, Ltd.
  • Intel Corporation
  • IBM
  • Microsoft
  • NEC Corporation
  • NetCB
  • Novell
  • Red Hat
  • Silicon Graphics
  • Sun Microsystems
  • Unisys

Companies - historic

  • Acorn, bought by Olivetti
  • Bendix Corporation
  • Burroughs Corporation, merged with UNIVAC to become Unisys
  • Compaq, bought by Hewlett-Packard
  • Control Data
  • Cray
  • Data General
  • DEC, bought by Compaq, in turn bought by Hewlett-Packard
  • Digital Research - a software company for the early microprocessor-based computers
  • English Electric
  • Ferranti
  • General Electric, computer division bought by Honeywell, then Bull
  • Honeywell, computer division bought by Bull and
  • ICL
  • Leo
  • Lisp Machines, Inc.
  • Marconi
  • Nixdorf Computer, bought by Siemens
  • Olivetti
  • Osborne
  • Packard Bell
  • Raytheon
  • Royal McBee
  • RCA
  • Scientific Data Systems, sold to Xerox
  • Siemens
  • Sinclair Research, created the ZX Spectrum, ZX80 and ZX81
  • Symbolics
  • UNIVAC, merged with Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys
  • Varian
  • Wang

Professional organizations

  • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
  • British Computer Society (BCS)
  • Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS)
  • Association for Survey Computing (ASC)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), in particular the IEEE Computer Society
  • Institution of Electrical Engineers
  • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Standards organizations and consortia

See also: Standardization

  • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Miscellaneous

  • List of computer term etymologies
  • Load (computing)
  • Indian Language Computing
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing"