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DISPONIBILI
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ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. AdSense
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  3. Allinanchor command
  4. AutoLink
  5. BigTable
  6. Blogger
  7. CustomizeGoogle
  8. Deep link
  9. Egosurfing
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  11. Eric E. Schmidt
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  14. Froogle
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  24. Google and privacy issues
  25. Google Answers
  26. Googlebait
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  28. Google bomb
  29. Google Book Search
  30. Googlebot
  31. Google Browser Sync
  32. Google Calendar
  33. Google Checkout
  34. Google China
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  41. Google Earth
  42. Google economy
  43. Googlefight
  44. Google File System
  45. Google Finance
  46. Google Foundation
  47. Google Founders' Award
  48. Google generation
  49. Google Groups
  50. Google Hacking
  51. Google Hacks
  52. Google Image Labeler
  53. Google Image Search
  54. 302 Google Jacking
  55. Google juice
  56. Google Labs
  57. Google Language Tools
  58. Google logo
  59. Google Maps
  60. Google News
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  62. Google Pack
  63. Google Page Creator
  64. Google PC
  65. Googlepedia
  66. Google platform
  67. Googleplex
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  69. Google Scholar
  70. Google search
  71. Google Search Appliance
  72. Googleshare
  73. Google's hoaxes
  74. Google Summer of Code
  75. Google Talk
  76. Googletestad
  77. Google Toolbar
  78. Google Trends
  79. Google Video
  80. Google Video Marketplace
  81. Google Watch
  82. Google Web Accelerator
  83. Google Webmaster Tools
  84. Googlewhack
  85. Google WiFi
  86. Google X
  87. Googlism
  88. GTalkr
  89. Hello
  90. Hilltop algorithm
  91. History of Gmail
  92. History of Google
  93. I'm Feeling Lucky
  94. Joga Bonito
  95. Keyhole Markup Language
  96. Lawrence E. Page
  97. Link farm
  98. List of acquisitions by Google
  99. List of Google products
  100. MapReduce
  101. Measure Map
  102. Mediabot
  103. Mobile GMaps
  104. Orkut
  105. PageRank
  106. PhpGmailDrive
  107. Picasa
  108. Political Google bombs
  109. PR0
  110. Project 02
  111. Pyra Labs
  112. RoamDrive
  113. Schnitzelmitkartoffelsalat
  114. Scraper site
  115. Scroogle
  116. Search engine optimization
  117. SEO contest
  118. Sergey Brin
  119. Urchin Software Corporation
  120. Web traffic
  121. YouTube

 

 
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  • L'utente, inoltre, accetta di tenerci indenni da qualsiasi tipo di responsabilità per l'uso - ed eventuali conseguenze di esso - degli esercizi e delle informazioni linguistiche e grammaticali contenute sul siti. Le risposte grammaticali sono infatti improntate ad un criterio di praticità e pragmaticità più che ad una completezza ed esaustività che finirebbe per frastornare, per l'eccesso di informazione fornita, il nostro utente. La segnalazione di eventuali errori è gradita e darà luogo ad una immediata rettifica.

     

    ENGLISHGRATIS.COM è un sito personale di
    Roberto Casiraghi e Crystal Jones
    email: robertocasiraghi at iol punto it

    Roberto Casiraghi           
    INFORMATIVA SULLA PRIVACY              Crystal Jones


    Siti amici:  Lonweb Daisy Stories English4Life Scuolitalia
    Sito segnalato da INGLESE.IT

 
 



THE WORLD OF GOOGLE
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Google Maps

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
Screenshot of Google Maps showing a route from Toronto to Ottawa on the 400-Series highways.
Screenshot of Google Maps showing a route from Toronto to Ottawa on the 400-Series highways.
Penang island and Seberang Prai on the mainland as seen on Google Maps
Penang island and Seberang Prai on the mainland as seen on Google Maps [1]

Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free web map server application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services including Google Maps, Google Ride Finder and embedded maps on third-party websites via the Google Maps API. It offers street maps, a route planner, and an urban business locator for numerous countries around the world.

A related product is Google Earth, a standalone Apple Mac, Windows and Linux program that offers enhanced globe-viewing features.

Features

Google Maps features a map that can be navigated by dragging the mouse, or zoomed in (scrolling the mouse wheel up) and out (scrolling the mouse wheel down) to show detailed street information. The user can also control the map with the arrow keys to move to the desired location. To allow for quick movement, the "+" and "-" keys can be used to control the zoom level. Users may enter an address, intersection or general area to quickly find it on the map.

Search results can be restricted to a certain area, thanks to Google Local. For example, someone can enter a query such as "Waffles in Ottawa"[1] to find restaurants serving waffles near the city. This can be used to find a wide variety of businesses, such as theatres, restaurants and hotels.

Like many other map services, Google Maps allows for the creation of driving directions. It gives the user a step-by-step list of how to get to their destination, along with an estimate of the time required to reach it and the distance between the two locations.

Google Maps offers three viewing modes by default: Map (Street map views), Satellite (satellite and high-resolution aerial photographs) and Hybrid (Street maps overlaid on satellite and high-resolution aerial photographs).

The "link to this page" link on each Google Maps map targets a URL which can be used to find the location on the map at a later time. The latitude and longitude can be used as input to NASA World Wind or TerraServer-USA, which in some cases have higher-resolution imagery.

Satellite view

Screenshot of Google Maps (satellite) showing Candlestick Park in San Francisco, CA
Screenshot of Google Maps (satellite) showing Candlestick Park in San Francisco, CA

Google Maps provides high-resolution satellite images for most urban areas in Canada and the United States (including Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) as well as parts of Australia, Egypt, France, Iran, Iceland, Italy, Iraq, Japan, the Bahamas, Bermuda, Kuwait, Mexico, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and many other countries. Google Maps also covers the cities of Moscow, Istanbul, and also Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Salem, Mumbai and New Delhi in India.

All the images shown in Google Maps' satellite mode are at least a year old and in some places up to five years old. Despite this various governments have complained over the potential for terrorists to use the satellite images in planning attacks on nuclear power stations. Google has blurred some areas for security (mostly in the United States), including the U.S. Naval Observatory area (where the official residence of the Vice President is located, and until recently, the United States Capitol and the White House (which formerly featured erased housetop). Other well-known government installations are visible including the infamous Area 51 in the Nevada desert.

With the introduction of an easily pannable and searchable mapping and satellite imagery tool, Google's mapping engine prompted a surge of interest in satellite imagery. Sites such as Google Sightseeing and Virtual Globetrotting were established which feature satellite images of interesting natural and man-made landmarks, including such novelties as "large type" writing visible in the imagery, as well as famous stadiums and unique earth formations.

Implementation

Like other Google web applications, a large amount of JavaScript was used to create Google Maps. As the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and displayed to the user. When a user searches for a business, the location is pin-pointed with a red pin, which is actually a transparent PNG placed over the map. The technique of providing greater user-interactivity by performing asynchronous network requests with Javascript and XML has recently become known as Ajax. Specifically, Google Maps was built using the AjaXSLT framework.

The GIS (map) data used in Google Maps are provided by Tele Atlas and NAVTEQ, while the small patches of high-resolution satellite imagery are largely provided by DigitalGlobe and its QuickBird satellite, with some imagery also from government sources. The main global imagery base called NaturalVue was derived from Landsat 7 imagery by MDA Federal (formerly Earth Satellite Corporation). This global image base provides the essential foundation for the entire application.

The underlying technology used in both Google and Yahoo! maps is available from deCarta (formerly Telcontar)[2].

Extensibility and customization

Chicagocrime.org, developed by Adrian Holovaty, was among the first and most popular  Google Maps mashups.
Chicagocrime.org, developed by Adrian Holovaty, was among the first and most popular [3] Google Maps mashups.

As the Google Maps code is almost entirely JavaScript and XML, some end-users reverse-engineered the tool and produced client-side scripts and server-side hooks which allowed a user or website to introduce expanded or customized features into the Google Maps interface.

Using the core engine and the map/satellite images hosted by Google, such tools can introduce custom location icons, location coordinates and metadata, and even custom map image sources into the Google Maps interface. Some of the more well-known of these "Google Maps Hacks" include tools that display locations of Craigslist rental properties [4], student apartment rentals [5], and local map Chicago crime data [6] (or check Misdaadkaart.nl showing crimes of one entire country[7]). The script-insertion tool Greasemonkey provides a large number of client-side scripts to customize Google Maps data, and the mygmaps.com website provides an interface for easily adding your own set of locations and viewing them on Google Maps.

Combined with photo sharing websites such as Flickr, a phenomenon called "memory maps" emerged. Using copies of the Keyhole satellite photos of their home towns or other favorite places, the users take advantage of image annotation features to provide personal histories and information regarding particular points of the area.

Google Maps API

The Google Maps API was created by Google to facilitate developers integrating Google Maps into their web sites, with their own data points. It is a free service, that currently does not contain ads, but Google states in their terms of use [8] that they reserve the right to display ads in the future.

By using the Google Maps API you can embed the full Google Maps on an external web site (minus driving directions and KML). Start by creating an API Key [9], it will be bound to the web site and directory you enter when creating the key. Creating your own map interface involves adding the Google JavaScript code to your page, and then using Javascript functions to add points to the map.

When the API first launched it lacked the ability to geocode addresses, requiring you to manually add points in (latitude, longitude) format. This has since been rectified.

At the same time as the release of the Google Maps API, Yahoo! released their own Maps API [10] . Both were released to coincide with the O'Reilly Web 2.0 Conference. Yahoo! Maps lacks international support, but included a geocoder in the first release.

As of October 2006, Google Gadgets' Google maps implementation is much easier to use with just the need of one line of script. The drawback is that it is not as customizable as the full API.

In late 2006, Yahoo began a campaign to upgrade their maps, to compete better with Google Local and other online map companies. Several of the maps used in the survey were similar to Google maps. The online survey is here.

Development

Google Maps was first announced on the Google Blog on February 8, 2005 and was located at http://maps.google.com/. It originally only supported users of Internet Explorer and Mozilla web browsers, but support for Opera and Safari was added on February 25, 2005. Currently (July 1, 2006) Internet Explorer 6.0+, Firefox 0.8+, Safari 1.2.4+, Netscape 7.1+, Mozilla 1.4+, and Opera 8.02+ are supported (see Google Maps Help). It was in beta for 6 months before becoming part of Google Local on October 6, 2005.

Coverage details

Satellite imagery of varying resolution is available worldwide.

Google's use of Google Maps

The main Google Maps site includes a local search feature, finding businesses of a certain category in a geographic area.

Google Mars

Google Mars
Google Mars

Google Mars provides a visible imagery view, like Google Moon, as well as infrared imagery and shaded relief (elevation). Users can toggle between the elevation, visible, and infrared data, in the same manner as switching between map, satellite, and hybrid modes of Google Maps. In collaboration with NASA scientists at Arizona State University, Google has provided the public with data collected from two NASA Mars missions, Mars Global Surveyor and 2001 Mars Odyssey[13]. At present, you cannot use the Google Earth desktop client to access the data, but the feature is in development.

It is currently not known whether or not Google Mars will become a stand-alone program.

Google Moon

Google Moon
Google Moon

In honor of the 36th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing (July 20, 2005), Google took public domain imagery from NASA of the Moon, and integrated it into the Google Maps interface. By default this tool, with a reduced set of features, also displays the points of landing of all Apollo spacecraft to land on the Moon. This tool also includes an easter egg, displaying a Swiss cheese design at the highest zoom level. Google Moon, as it is called, was linked from a special commemorative version of the Google logo displayed at the top of the main Google search page for the duration of July 20 (UTC).

Google Ride Finder

Google Ride Finder
Google Ride Finder

Google launched an experimental Google Maps-based tool called Ride Finder[2], tapping into in-car GPS units for a selection of participating taxi and limousine services. The tool displays the current location of all supported vehicles of the participating services in major cities, including Chicago and San Francisco on a Google Maps street map.

Google Transit

In December 2005, Google launched Google Transit[3]. This is a beta web application (listed in Google Labs), that plans a trip using public transportation options. Google Transit launched with support for Portland, Oregon. Information for Eugene, Oregon; Honolulu, Hawaii; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Seattle, Washington; and Tampa, Florida was added on September 27, 2006.[14] The service calculates route, transit time and cost, and can compare the trip to one using a car.

Copyright

Google Maps Terms and Conditions[4] state that usage of material from Google Maps is regulated by Google Terms of Service[5] and some additional restrictions. Terms and Conditions, among others, state:

For individual users, Google Maps [...] is made available for your personal, non-commercial use only. For business users, Google Maps is made available for your internal use only and may not be commercially redistributed [...][6]

Criticism

Street map overlays, in some areas, may not match up precisely with the corresponding satellite images. The street data may be entirely erroneous, or simply out of date:

The biggest challenge is the currency of data, the authenticy of data," said [Google Earth representative] Brian [McLendon]. In other words: The main complaints the Google guys get are "that's not my house" and "that's not my car." Google maps satellite images are not in real time; they are several years old. [7]

Google maps has gained most acclaim by web developers. GIS professionals however, tend to regard Google maps as a rather simplistic viewing tool compared to the features offered by standalone GIS applications.

There is also some disappointment among developers that the potential of Google's geocoding technology is limited by legal restrictions in some countries for web application development, notably the UK, where postcodes cannot be easily translated into latitudes and longitudes like Zip codes in the US. This is due to the crown copyright over this geographical data. Some sites have managed to circumvent this problem by purchasing their own postcode data and combining this with Google Maps. The usage of Google Maps on a large scale outside of North America remains limited.

Popular Culture

In the SNL Digital Short "Lazy Sunday" starring Andy Samberg and Chris Parnell, the two comedians rap about a trip to the movies and mention "Google Maps is the best" in comparison to Yahoo! Maps and Mapquest.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Georgetown,+Malaysia&spn=0.312132,0.515654&t=k&hl=en
  2. ^ http://www.decarta.com/
  3. ^ http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=832264
  4. ^ http://www.housingmaps.com/
  5. ^ http://www.gooffcampus.com/
  6. ^ http://www.chicagocrime.org/
  7. ^ http://www.misdaadkaart.nl/
  8. ^ Google Maps API - Terms of use.
  9. ^ Google Maps API key.
  10. ^ Yahoo! Maps API.
  11. ^ http://mars.google.com/
  12. ^ http://maps.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=16634
  13. ^ http://www.google.com/mars/about.html
  14. ^ Happy trails with Google Transit.

External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Maps"