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ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Atomic force microscope
  2. Atomic nanoscope
  3. Atom probe
  4. Ballistic conduction
  5. Bingel reaction
  6. Biomimetic
  7. Bio-nano generator
  8. Bionanotechnology
  9. Break junction
  10. Brownian motor
  11. Bulk micromachining
  12. Cantilever
  13. Carbon nanotube
  14. Carbyne
  15. CeNTech
  16. Chemical Compound Microarray
  17. Cluster
  18. Colloid
  19. Comb drive
  20. Computronium
  21. Coulomb blockade
  22. Diamondoids
  23. Dielectrophoresis
  24. Dip Pen Nanolithography
  25. DNA machine
  26. Ecophagy
  27. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope
  28. Electron beam lithography
  29. Electrospinning
  30. Engines of Creation
  31. Exponential assembly
  32. Femtotechnology
  33. Fermi point
  34. Fluctuation dissipation theorem
  35. Fluorescence interference contrast microscopy
  36. Fullerene
  37. Fungimol
  38. Gas cluster ion beam
  39. Grey goo
  40. Hacking Matter
  41. History of nanotechnology
  42. Hydrogen microsensor
  43. Inorganic nanotube
  44. Ion-beam sculpting
  45. Kelvin probe force microscope
  46. Lab-on-a-chip
  47. Langmuir-Blodgett film
  48. LifeChips
  49. List of nanoengineering topics
  50. List of nanotechnology applications
  51. List of nanotechnology topics
  52. Lotus effect
  53. Magnetic force microscope
  54. Magnetic resonance force microscopy
  55. Mechanochemistry
  56. Mechanosynthesis
  57. MEMS thermal actuator
  58. Mesotechnology
  59. Micro Contact Printing
  60. Microelectromechanical systems
  61. Microfluidics
  62. Micromachinery
  63. Molecular assembler
  64. Molecular engineering
  65. Molecular logic gate
  66. Molecular manufacturing
  67. Molecular motors
  68. Molecular recognition
  69. Molecule
  70. Nano-abacus
  71. Nanoart
  72. Nanobiotechnology
  73. Nanocar
  74. Nanochemistry
  75. Nanocomputer
  76. Nanocrystal
  77. Nanocrystalline silicon
  78. Nanocrystal solar cell
  79. Nanoelectrochemistry
  80. Nanoelectrode
  81. Nanoelectromechanical systems
  82. Nanoelectronics
  83. Nano-emissive display
  84. Nanoengineering
  85. Nanoethics
  86. Nanofactory
  87. Nanoimprint lithography
  88. Nanoionics
  89. Nanolithography
  90. Nanomanufacturing
  91. Nanomaterial based catalyst
  92. Nanomedicine
  93. Nanomorph
  94. Nanomotor
  95. Nano-optics
  96. Nanoparticle
  97. Nanoparticle tracking analysis
  98. Nanophotonics
  99. Nanopore
  100. Nanoprobe
  101. Nanoring
  102. Nanorobot
  103. Nanorod
  104. Nanoscale
  105. Nano-Science Center
  106. Nanosensor
  107. Nanoshell
  108. Nanosight
  109. Nanosocialism
  110. Nanostructure
  111. Nanotechnology
  112. Nanotechnology education
  113. Nanotechnology in fiction
  114. Nanotoxicity
  115. Nanotube
  116. Nanovid microscopy
  117. Nanowire
  118. National Nanotechnology Initiative
  119. Neowater
  120. Niemeyer-Dolan technique
  121. Ormosil
  122. Photolithography
  123. Picotechnology
  124. Programmable matter
  125. Quantum dot
  126. Quantum heterostructure
  127. Quantum point contact
  128. Quantum solvent
  129. Quantum well
  130. Quantum wire
  131. Richard Feynman
  132. Royal Society's nanotech report
  133. Scanning gate microscopy
  134. Scanning probe lithography
  135. Scanning probe microscopy
  136. Scanning tunneling microscope
  137. Scanning voltage microscopy
  138. Self-assembled monolayer
  139. Self-assembly
  140. Self reconfigurable
  141. Self-Reconfiguring Modular Robotics
  142. Self-replication
  143. Smart dust
  144. Smart material
  145. Soft lithography
  146. Spent nuclear fuel
  147. Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy
  148. Stone Wales defect
  149. Supramolecular assembly
  150. Supramolecular chemistry
  151. Supramolecular electronics
  152. Surface micromachining
  153. Surface plasmon resonance
  154. Synthetic molecular motors
  155. Synthetic setae
  156. Tapping AFM
  157. There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom
  158. Transfersome
  159. Utility fog

 



NANOTECHNOLOGY
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nanoscope

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Atomic nanoscope

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Atomic nanoscope is an imaging system which is expected to provide resolution at sub-micrometre scale. The term is suggested in analogy with optical microscope which allows to see objects of several micrometres size. The idea of the imaging system with atoms instead of light is widely discussed in the literature ( [[1]], [[2]], [[3]] ) since past century; and the performance of the atom optical systems gradually improves from year to year.

The atom optics using neutral atoms instead of light could provide the good resolution (as the electron microscope) and be completely non-destructive, because the short wavelength on the order of a nanometer can be realized at low energy of the probing particle. ``It follows that a helium microscope with nanometer resolution is possible. A helium atom microscope will be unique non-destructive tool for reflection of transmission microscopy. -- Holst et al. An atom-focusing mirror. Nature, v.390, p.244 (1997). [[4]]

The main problem in optics of atomic beams for the imaging system is focusing element. There is no material transparent for the beam of low-energy atoms. The Fresnel zone plate [[5]] or evanescent field lens [[6]] or the atomic mirror can be used for the atomic nanoscope.

Recently, the performance of the solid-state atomic mirrors was greatly enhanced with so-called ridged mirrors (or the Fresnel diffraction mirrors ( [[7]] ). At the apporpriate ellipsoidal profile, such a mirror could be used for focusing of an atomic beam into a spot of some tens nanometers ([[8]]); the scattering of atoms from this spot brings the image of the object, like in the scanning confocal microscope or the acanning electron microscope or the scanning probe microscopy.

The scheme shown at the picture, is the only one of proposals for the atomic nano-resolution systems; it may be realized also with the holographic, Fresnel diffraction, and the evanescent wave systems. Some of such systems may become competitive with established methods of visualization and measurung of nano-objects (see the overwiew at nanowiki).


 

Nanoscopes using simply reflected light have been developed by Richardson (RTM) and Olbrich (Erganom). These achieve resolutions under 100nm by novel pathlength innovations. Their use has confirmed the observations of Rife in 1930.

References

  • [1] B. Poelsema, G. Comsa. Scattering of thermal energy atoms from disordered surfaces. (Springer-Verlag, 1989)
  • [2] J. J. Berkhout et al. Quantum reflection: Focusing of hydrogen atoms with a concave mirror. PRL 63, 1689-1692 (1989)
  • [3] B. Holst et al. An atom-focusing mirror. Nature, v.390, p.244 (1997).
  • [5] R. B. Doak et al. Towards Realization of an Atomic deBroglie Microscope: Helium Atom focusing using Fresnel zone plates. PRL 83 , 4229-4232 (1999)

M. Drndic et al. Properties of microelectromagnet mirrors as reflectors of cold Rb atoms. PRA 60, 4012 (1999)

D.A.MacLaren, W.Allison. Single crystal optic elements for helium atom microscopy. Rev. of Sci. Instr. 71, p.2625-2634 (2000)

R. P. Bertram et al.. Magnetic whispering-gallery mirror for atoms. PRA 63, 053405 (2001)

F.Shimizu, J.Fujita. Reflection-type hologram for atoms. PRL 88, 123201 (2002)

F. Shimizu, J.Fujita Giant quantum reflection of neon atoms from a ridged silicon surface. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71, 5-8 (2003)

H.Oberst, S.Kasashima, V.I.Balykin, F.Shimizu. Atomic-matter-wave scanner. PRA 68, 013606 (2003)

H.Oberst, Y.Tashiro, K.Shimizu, F.Shimizu. Quantum reflection of He* on silicon. PRA 71, 052901 (2005)

A. Pasquini, Y. Shin, C. Sanner, M. Saba, A. Schirotzek, D. E. Pritchard, W. Ketterle. Quantum Reflection from a Solid Surface at Normal Incidence. PRL 93, 223201 (2004)

  • [6] V. Balykin, V. Klimov,V. Letokhov. Atom nano-optics. Opt. and Phot. News 16, 44 (2005)
  • [7] H.Oberst, D.Kouznetsov, K.Shimizu, J.Fujita, F.Shimizu.

Fresnel diffraction mirror for an atomic wave. PRL 94, 013203 (2005).

  • [8] D. Kouznetsov, H. Oberst, K. Shimizu, A. Neumann, Y. Kuznetsova, J.-F. Bisson, K. Ueda, S. R. J. Brueck. Ridged atomic mirrors and atomic nanoscope. J. Phys. B, v. 39 (2006) 1605-1623.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nanoscope"