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WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
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ART
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ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. A Christmas Carol
  2. Advent
  3. Advent calendar
  4. Advent wreath
  5. Aguinaldo
  6. Ashen faggot
  7. Belsnickel
  8. Bethlehem
  9. Biblical Magi
  10. Black Friday
  11. Boxing Day
  12. Bubble light
  13. Buche de Noël
  14. Burgermeister Meisterburger
  15. Caganer
  16. Candy cane
  17. Christkind
  18. Christmas cake
  19. Christmas card
  20. Christmas carol
  21. Christmas cracker
  22. Christmas dinner
  23. Christmas Eve
  24. Christmas flowers
  25. Christmas gift-bringers around the world
  26. Christmas lights
  27. Christmas market
  28. Christmas music
  29. Christmas number one
  30. Christmas ornament
  31. Christmas pickle
  32. Christmas pudding
  33. Christmas pyramid
  34. Christmas seal
  35. Christmas stamp
  36. Christmas stocking
  37. Christmas stories
  38. Christmastide
  39. Christmas traditions
  40. Christmas trees
  41. Christmas village
  42. Christmas worldwide
  43. Companions of Saint Nicholas
  44. Cranberry sauce
  45. David Zancai
  46. Ded Moroz
  47. Ebenezer Scrooge
  48. Eggnog
  49. Elf
  50. Epiphany
  51. Father Christmas
  52. Frosty the Snowman
  53. Fruitcake
  54. Ghost of Christmas Past
  55. Ghost of Christmas Present
  56. Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come
  57. Gingerbread
  58. Gryla
  59. Heat Miser
  60. History of some Christmas traditions
  61. Hogmanay
  62. Holly
  63. Jack Frost
  64. Jolasveinar
  65. Joulupukki
  66. Julemanden
  67. Koleda
  68. La Befana
  69. Lebkuchen
  70. Little Christmas
  71. Marzipan
  72. Mince pie
  73. Mistletoe
  74. Mr. Bingle
  75. Mrs. Claus
  76. Mulled wine
  77. Nativity Fast
  78. Nativity of Jesus
  79. Nativity scene
  80. Nine Lessons and Carols
  81. North Pole, Alaska
  82. Nutcracker
  83. Olentzero
  84. Origins of Santa Claus
  85. Pandoro
  86. Panettone
  87. Panforte
  88. Pantomime
  89. Père Noël
  90. Poinsettia
  91. Regifting
  92. Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree
  93. Royal Christmas Message
  94. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
  95. Saint Nicholas
  96. Santa Claus
  97. Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
  98. Santa Claus on film
  99. Santa Claus parade
  100. Santa Claus' reindeer
  101. Santa Claus rituals
  102. Santa's Grotto
  103. Santon
  104. Secret Santa
  105. Snap-dragon
  106. Snow baby
  107. Snow Miser
  108. Star of Bethlehem
  109. Stollen
  110. The Grinch
  111. Tiny Tim
  112. Tio de Nadal
  113. Tomte
  114. Tree topper
  115. Turron
  116. Twelfth Night
  117. Twelve days of Christmas
  118. Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper
  119. Wassail
  120. Wassailing
  121. White Christmas
  122. Winter holiday greetings
  123. Winter holiday season
  124. Xmas
  125. Yule
  126. Yule Goat
  127. Yule Lads
  128. Yule log
  129. Zwarte Piet

 

 
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CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Ebenezer Scrooge

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
Ebenezer Scrooge encounters  "Ignorance" and "Want" in A Christmas Carol
Enlarge
Ebenezer Scrooge encounters "Ignorance" and "Want" in A Christmas Carol

Ebenezer Scrooge is the main character in Charles Dickens' 1843 novel, A Christmas Carol. He is a very cold-hearted, selfish man, who has no love for Christmas, children, or anything that even seems to provoke happiness. His last name has come into the English language as a byword for miserliness and misanthropy, traits displayed by Scrooge in the exaggerated manner for which Dickens is well-known. The story of his transformation by the three Ghosts of Christmas (Past, Present, and Yet to Come) has become a defining tale of the Christmas holiday in some cultures. Scrooge's phrase, "Bah, humbug!" has been used to express disgust with Christmas traditions in modern times. The inspiration for Charles Dickens' character was a grave marker for an Ebenezer Lennox Scroggie. The marker identified Scroggie as a “meal man” (corn merchant), but Dickens misread this as “mean man”.[1] It has been claimed that Dickens based Scrooge's views on the poor on those of demographer and political economist Thomas Malthus.[1]

(born 1775) The story of A Christmas Carol begins on Christmas Eve, with Scrooge at his place of business. The book does not specifically state what business he is in, though it is usually assumed that he is a banker or professional money lender. Some recent versions portray him as a solicitor. Whatever his main business is, he seems to have usurious relationships with people of little means. These relationships, along with his lack of charity and shabby treatment of his clerk, Bob Cratchit, seem to be his major vices.

Scrooge has only disgust for the poor, thinking many would be better off dead, "decreasing the surplus population", and praise for the Victorian era workhouses. He has a particular distaste for the merriment of Christmas, his single act of kindness being that he gives his clerk, Bob Cratchit, the day off, more as a result of social mores than any true kindness on his part. He sees the practice as akin to having his pocket picked.

After introducing Scrooge and showing his shabby treatment of his personal business and relations, the novel resumes with Scrooge at his residence, intent on spending Christmas Eve alone. Then he is awakened in the night by the ghost of his deceased business partner, Jacob Marley. Jacob Marley in life spent his career exploiting the poor and as a result has been damned. Marley has visited Scrooge to warn him that he risks meeting the same fate, and to announce that he will be visited by three ghosts: Past, Present, and Future. The rest of the novel acts as a biography and psychological profile, showing his evolution to his current state, and the way he is viewed by others.

As promised, the Ghost of Christmas Past visits Scrooge first and takes him to see his time as a schoolboy many years earlier. Here it is suggested that his father abandoned him to stay at his boarding school, even during Christmas. This is relevant to Scrooge, because it shows the beginnings of his lack of socialization and empathy. He does not socialize because he never experienced steady growth in a strong family unit. He does not empathize thanks to the way he was treated: as a child, he was the least of his father's concerns; this in turn taught him not to feel for fellow humans. Later the ghost shows how his success in business made him become obsessive and develop a workaholic tendency. His money and work-obsessed personality traits eventually compel Scrooge's fiancée, Belle, to leave him, which further hardens his heart. The untimely death of his sister Fan, the one relative who had a close relationship with him, also injures him.

The visit by the Ghost of Christmas Past also reveals the origin of Scrooge's neurotic hatred of Christmas. Most of the events that affected Scrooge's character occurred during the holiday season. The important revelation from the spirit of Christmas Past is why Scrooge has such a negative view of Christmas. The book (which was written in 1843) does not state how long ago all this happened, or even how old Scrooge is now.

One of the sources of his negative ways is the pain he feels for losing his love, Belle. Engaged to be married to her, he keeps pushing back the wedding until his finances are as healthy as he would like – something that, given his insatiable lust for money, would probably never happen. Realising this, Belle calls off the engagement, later marrying somebody else and making Scrooge further withdraw from society and relationships. While the book has few overtly religious overtones (Christmas is shown more as a time for kindness and charity rather than worship), many note that the story follows the redemptive model taught by Jesus Christ.

Scrooge is then visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him the happiness of his nephew's middle-class social circle and the impoverished Cratchit family. The latter, who have a young son who is lame, manage to live happily on the pittance Scrooge pays his clerk. The ghost also warns him of the evils of Ignorance and Want, who take the form of two poor, dirty children.

The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come shows Scrooge the happiness that others will find from Scrooge's death and the future consequences of his actions. Scrooge then sees his own tombstone before awakening to find it is Christmas morning, and he has a chance to repent and change his fate. Scrooge does so and becomes a model of generosity and kindness.

Trivia

  • Scrooge has been portrayed by (live or animated) Seymour Hicks in 1935, Reginald Owen, in 1938, Alistair Sim in 1951, Charles Ogle, Mr. Magoo, Albert Finney, Rowan Atkinson, Bill Murray, Michael Caine, James Earl Jones, Tim Curry, Patrick Stewart, Dean Jones, Simon Callow, Charles Goad, Cameron LeBlanc, George C Scott, and Kelsey Grammer, Jack Palance, and Henry Winkler.

Related use

  • Created by Carl Barks, Scrooge McDuck was the star of a comic book series published by Walt Disney, and the subsequent 1980s animated TV series Ducktales. Scrooge (the uncle of Donald Duck) was named in tribute to Dickens' character, and played the role of his namesake in Mickey's Christmas Carol. Barks' story Christmas on Bear Mountain (1947) marked the character's initial appearance.
  • In The Real Ghostbusters episode "X-Mas Marks The Spot", the Ghostbusters accidentally time travel to Scrooge's time and capture the Ghosts of Past, Present and Future before they can reform Scrooge. Afterward the Ghostbusters find out they have altered time and Christmas is no longer celebrated. Realizing their mistake, Peter and Ray go back through the portal to Scrooge's time and attempt to reform him while Egon ventures into the containment unit to rescue the Ghosts of Past, Present and Future. After rescuing the three Ghosts, Egon returns them to the proper time and place. The three Ghostbusters depart, the portal to Scrooge's time closes for good, and New York is once more decorated for Christmas.
  • Mr Magoo's Christmas Carol featured the title character playing the role of Scrooge in a Broadway musical adaptation of the novella.
  • The Flintstones Christmas Carol is about Fred Flintstone playing the role of Scrooge in a play, but also includes a subplot about him acting Scrooge-like off the stage.
  • Blackadder's Christmas Carol has one of the members of the Blackadder clan in the role of Scrooge. But instead of being a greedy man like Scrooge or most Blackadders, this Blackadder is a kind man until the ghosts of Past, Present and Future accidentally convince him to be greedy.
  • The Jetsons: Mr. Spacely was being greedier than usual and George Jetson comments that he should be haunted by the ghosts who reformed Ebenezer Scrooge but thinks Spacely would scare them away. The ghosts do visit Spacely. Past and Present don't have the same success they had with Scrooge (Present shows Astro's life in risk and the Jetsons being unable to get a veterinarian during Christmas season). But things are different with Future. Astro would die due to eating a loose sprocket from one of Spacely's toys and the Jetsons would sue him, creating a future where they are rich and he's poor. On Christmas morning, he takes his private veterinarian to save Astro. The Jetsons Christmas Carol differs from the original story in that the Scrooge character isn't fully reformed.
  • Beavis and Butt-head: In a Christmas special episode, Beavis is visited by the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future while watching a porn movie called "Ebenezer Screw".
  • In Click, a Scrooge-like Adam Sandler, who neglects his family for his work, is shown the future and given a chance to repent.
  • The 2006 Christmas Spectacular at Hillsong Church was themed around A Christmas Carol, and the story of Ebenezer Scrooge.

References

  1. ^ Frank W. Elwell , Reclaiming Malthus, 2 November 2001, accessed 28 September 2006
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge"