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WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
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ART
- Great Painters
BUSINESS&LAW
- Accounting
- Fundamentals of Law
- Marketing
- Shorthand
CARS
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GAMES&SPORT
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COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
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EDUCATION
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MEDICINE
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MUSIC&DANCE
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SCIENCE
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LIFESTYLE
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TRADITIONS
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NATURE
- Animals

- Fruits And Vegetables



ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Academy Award for Makeup
  2. Aloe
  3. Alpha hydroxy acid
  4. Anti-aging cream
  5. Arenation
  6. Aromatherapy
  7. Artistry
  8. Astringent
  9. Beauty
  10. Beauty mark
  11. Beauty salon
  12. Camouflage Cosmetic
  13. Campaign for Safe Cosmetics
  14. Carnauba wax
  15. Castor oil
  16. Chanel No. 5
  17. Chemical peel
  18. Christian Dior
  19. Clinique
  20. Concealer
  21. Corpse paint
  22. Cosmeceutical
  23. Cosmetic advertising
  24. Cosmetics
  25. Cosmetology
  26. Creed
  27. Dermabrasion
  28. Dermatology
  29. Destination spa
  30. Eau de cologne
  31. Electrology
  32. Elizabeth Arden
  33. Essential oil
  34. Estée Lauder
  35. Estée Lauder Companies
  36. Estée Lauder pleasures
  37. Exfoliation
  38. Eye liner
  39. Eyeshadow
  40. Facial toning
  41. Glitter
  42. Glycerol
  43. Guerlain
  44. Hair
  45. Hair extension
  46. Helena Rubinstein
  47. Hermès
  48. History of cosmetics
  49. History of Perfume
  50. Hot tub
  51. INCI
  52. Jojoba oil
  53. Kohl
  54. Lancome
  55. Lip gloss
  56. Lip plumper
  57. Lipstick
  58. List of cosmetic ingredients
  59. L'Oréal
  60. Makeover
  61. Make-up artist
  62. Manicure
  63. Mascara
  64. Max Factor
  65. Max Factor, Sr.
  66. Maybelline
  67. Microdermabrasion
  68. Nail polish
  69. Natural skin care
  70. Noxzema
  71. Olay
  72. Pedicure
  73. Perfume
  74. Perfume bottles
  75. Permanent makeup
  76. Permanent wave
  77. Plastic surgeons
  78. Retinol
  79. Revlon
  80. Rimmel
  81. Rouge
  82. Shampoo
  83. Shaving
  84. Shaving cream
  85. Shea butter
  86. Shiseido
  87. Shower gel
  88. Skin Deep
  89. Skin whitening
  90. Soap
  91. Sunless tanning
  92. Sun tanning
  93. Surfactant
  94. Talcum powder
  95. Tanning bed
  96. Tanning lamp
  97. Thanaka
  98. The Body Shop
  99. Waxing
  100. Wella
  101. What Not to Wear

 


 

 
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    ENGLISHGRATIS.COM è un sito personale di
    Roberto Casiraghi e Crystal Jones
    email: robertocasiraghi at iol punto it

    Roberto Casiraghi           
    INFORMATIVA SULLA PRIVACY              Crystal Jones


    Siti amici:  Lonweb Daisy Stories English4Life Scuolitalia
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COSMETICS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Body_Shop

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

The Body Shop

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
The Body Shop in Downtown Toronto, Canada.
The Body Shop in Downtown Toronto, Canada.
The Body Shop in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong.
The Body Shop in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong.
An aftershave balm product.
An aftershave balm product.

The Body Shop International plc, known as The Body Shop, is a British chain of cosmetics stores, now found all over the world. On 17 March 2006, The Body Shop agreed to a £652 million takeover offer by L'Oréal, the French cosmetics group. The company's headquarters is situated in Littlehampton, West Sussex, United Kingdom. It was founded by Anita Roddick, noted for selling its own line of products not tested on animals, and produced in an ecologically sustainable manner.

History

In 1970, Anita Perella and Gordon Roddick (who would later marry) visited the San Francisco Bay Area, and encountered a store on Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley selling shampoos, lotions, and body creams. The store, founded by two local entrepreneurs and called "The Body Shop", publicized environmental concerns, and offered customers discounts for bringing in their own bottles instead of using new ones from the store. The original "Body Shop" business continues in the Bay Area as a small chain under the name "Body Time", a name they adopted after they sold Roddick the US rights to the "Body Shop" name in the early 1980s.

The Roddicks' first Body Shop opened on 26 March 1976 in Brighton, United Kingdom with only about 25 natural handmade products. This store opened next to an undertaker, who complained to the local council about the name of the store. The local bookmaker nearby took bets on how long it would be before The Body Shop closed. In response to these oppositions Anita Roddick wrote a letter to the council stating that she was a housewife with children trying to make a living.

Exactly like the San Francisco store, The Body Shop offered homemade skin care and moisturizing lotions advertised to be made with natural ingredients. Product names, descriptions and promotional material were very similar to the original US namesake. Thus, products featured exotic ingredients such as jojoba oil and rhassoul mud from local herbalists and had simple, descriptive names such as Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) Facial Wash and Mango Dry Mist. In contrast to high street retailers, the packaging included details about ingredients and their properties. Customers could return to the store to refill product containers for a 15 percent discount.

Products were priced between the mass market and exclusive designer brands, and were never sale priced. Eschewing traditional cosmetics marketing, the company promoted itself with offbeat brochures, exotic ingredients, and a founder who made herself extremely accessible and popular with the press. At a later stage Roddick made social and environmental activism the centrepiece of her company's marketing. Roddick's insight lay in taking the original concept, which had effectively lain dormant in the US for several years, and applying to it her outstanding skills for self-promotion and publicity.

These were revolutionary ideas in the industry, and inspired a loyal clientele. By the end of the 1970s a chain of outlets had sprung up throughout the UK, and Anita Roddick hired a public relations firm to manage the ever-growing press attention.

The Body Shop experienced rapid growth, expanding at a rate of 50 percent annually. Its stock was floated on London's Unlisted Securities Market in April 1984, opening at 95 pence. In January 1986, when it obtained a full listing on the London Stock Exchange, the stock was selling at 820 pence. By 1991 the company's market value stood at £350 million ($591 million). After a volatile period of ups and downs, including the selling of the Littlehampton manufacturing plants and outsourcing of manufacturing in 2000, its 2004 market value would end up about the same as in 1991 (£334 million as of September 2004).

Social activism

From early on, The Body Shop reflected the activism of its founder Roddick, through billets posted on shop windows to sponsorship of local charity and community events. Roddick criticized what she considered the environmental insensitivity of the industry and traditional views of beauty, and aimed to change standard corporate practices.

In 1986 The Body Shop formed an alliance with Greenpeace, campaigning to "Save the Whales", despite some concerns among franchisees that the head office was becoming too political. By 1990 Roddick had switched allegiances to Friends of the Earth, following disagreements with Greenpeace.

The Body Shop also promotes many values such as Community Trade, reflecting its avowed practice of trading with communities in need and giving them a fair price for natural ingredients or handcrafts they purchase from these often marginalized countries. The first CT activity in 1986 was a footsie roller which was supplied by a small community in Southern India (today known as Teddy Exports) and still a key CT supplier of the Body Shop[1]. Since then, The Body Shop has found many trade partners in parts of the world - in over 24 different countries - that often are overlooked by the local as well as the global society.

Critics of The Body Shop in the 1980s and 1990s called the organisation hypocritical in its pursuit of profit while espousing "social equality". It is said that some shareholders complained the company was failing to maximize profits, instead funneling money into social works projects overseas. In 1994, Jon Entine reported that the records of Britain's Charity Commission records show no charitable contributions from the company in its first 11 years of operation, and less than 1.5% of pretax profits (which is the US corporate average) in subsequent years (up until fiscal year 1993, the latest year reported at the time). The criticisms were redoubled in 1999, however, when poor trading decisions led to the loss of 300 jobs at the Littlehampton manufacturing plants.

Advocates of the Body Shop however, enjoy their nature-inspired products and appreciate the fact that this company induces to promote these humanitarian values to such a wide audience.

The Body Shop and its franchisees fund a charitable foundation, The Body Shop Foundation, as well as a number of other ventures such as Children On The Edge, which works with disenfranchised children in Eastern Europe and Asia.

Trade Not Aid

By 1991, The Body Shop's "Trade Not Aid" initiative with the objective of "creating trade to help people in the Third World utilise their resources to meet their own needs" had started a paper factory in Nepal employing 37 people producing bags, notebooks and scented drawer liners. Another initiative was a 33,000 square foot (3,000 m²) soap factory in the depressed Glasgow suburb of Easterhouse, whose payroll included 100 residents, some previously chronically unemployed.

Sometimes considered anti-capitalist or against globalization, The Body Shop philosophy is in fact in favour of international marketplaces. The chain uses its influence and profits for programmes such as Trade Not Aid, aimed at enacting fair labour practices, safe working environments and pay equality.

The Body Shop is banned in China, because cosmetics sold there have to be tested on animals, according to Roddick. [1]

The Body Shop has undertaken periodic independent social audits of its activities (see its website).

On 17 March 2006, The Body Shop International agreed to a £652 million takeover offer by L'Oréal.

External links

  • Official Body Shop International Web site
  • Articles by journalist Jon Entine investigating and criticizing the Body Shop
  • The Body Shop Depicts Obese Barbie
  • "Body Shop Scrutinized" from Investing For A Better World, September 1994
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Body_Shop"