Grammatica di English Gratis: To be (verbo essere)

TUTTI GLI ARGOMENTI DELLA GRAMMATICA

AGGETTIVI - PRONOMI
- Aggettivi e pronomi possessivi
- Some - any - no
- Composti di some - any - no
- Dimostrativi
- Comportamento e ruolo degli aggettivi
- Il comparativo degli aggettivi
- Il superlativo degli aggettivi
ARTICOLI
- Articolo determinativo
- Articolo indeterminativo
AVVERBI
- Gli avverbi
- Molto
- Poco
- Troppo
PREPOSIZIONI
- Preposizioni di luogo
- Preposizioni di tempo
PRONOMI INTERROGATIVI
- Pronomi interrogativi
- Pronomi interrogativi soggetto
- Preposizione e pronomi interrogativi
PRONOMI PERSONALI
- Pronomi personali soggetto
- Pronomi personali complemento
PRONOMI RELATIVI
- Pronomi relativi
SOSTANTIVI
- Plurale dei sostantivi
- Countables - Uncountables
- Genitivo sassone
VERBI
- Paradigma dei verbi inglesi
- Paradigma dei verbi irregolari
- Premessa sull'uso dei tempi verbali inglesi
- Generalità sugli ausiliari
- Generalità sulle forme interrogative e negative
- To be - simple present
- Usi particolari di to be
- There is - There are
- La -ing form
- Uso della -ing form
- Infinito
- Simple Present
- Present Continuous
- Imperativo
- Simple Past
- To be - simple past
- Used + infinito
- Past Continuous
- Present Perfect
- Present Perfect Continuous
- Past Perfect
- Past Perfect Continuous
- Futuro
- Doppio futuro
- Congiuntivo
- Condizionale
- Future in the past
- Tempi passivi
- Modal verbs
- Can
- May
- Must
- Need
- Dare
- Question tags
- Discorso indiretto
- Interrogative indirette
- Phrasal verbs
- Verb patterns
- To have
- To like
- To say - to tell
- To do - to make

La grammatica inglese presente su questo sito è stata realizzata per noi da Francesca Anderson, docente di inglese all'Università Cattolica di Piacenza. L'audio TTS

LA GRAMMATICA DI ENGLISH GRATIS

TO BE - SIMPLE PRESENT

A differenza degli altri verbi inglesi il cui uso del Simple Present non coincide sempre con il Presente Indicativo italiano, il Simple Present del verbo To be traduce generalmente il Presente Indicativo italiano del verbo essere.

Forma affermativa

Forme estese	Forme contratte
I am	I’m
you are	You’re
He is	He's
She is	She’s
It is	It’s
We are	We’re
You are	You’re
They are	They’re

Le forme interrogative e negative del verbo To be fungono da modello per tutti gli ausiliari inglesi che formano le loro forme interrogative e negative allo stesso modo.

Forma interrogativa

Si inverte la posizione del soggetto rispetto al verbo, perciò il soggetto segue il verbo.

Forma affermativa	Forma interrogativa
I am	Am I ....?
you are	Are you .....?
He is	Is he .....?
She is	Is she .....?
It is	Is it .....?
We are	Are we .....?
You are	Are you .....?
They are	Are they .....?

Forma negativa

Il S. Present di To Be è seguito dalla negazione NOT.

Forma affermativa	Forma negativa	Contrazioni
I am	I am not	I'm not
You are	You are not	You aren’t
He is	He is not	He isn’t
She is	She is not	She isn’t
It is	It is not	It isn’t
We are	We are not	We aren’t
You are	You are not	You aren’t
They are	They are not	They aren’t

Uso delle forme estese

Le forme estese sia affermative che negative si usano:

1. Nell’inglese scritto formale, per esempio una lettera formale.

2. Nell’inglese parlato, quando si vuole mettere in particolare evidenza ciò che si sta dicendo. Infatti nelle forme estese il tono della voce cade sia sul soggetto che sulla prima vocale del verbo, in questo modo la frase risulta ben scandita.

Uso delle forme contratte

Le forme contratte affermative e negative si usano:

1. Nell’inglese scritto informale, per esempio una lettera ad un amico. Anche l’inglese giornalistico o letterario è spesso informale.

2. Nell’inglese parlato corrente. Il tono della voce nelle forme contratte cade sul soggetto, il verbo "scivola via", per cui la frase risulta molto scorrevole.

1. ESERCIZIO SUL SIMPLE PRESENT DI TO BE BEGINNERS GB

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of TO BE
Puoi scrivere le tue risposte nelle caselle di testo (attenzione: non vengono memorizzate!)
Per vedere le risposte corrette, seleziona con il mouse lo spazio bianco dopo il simbolo ♥
Se hai un tablet oppure uno smartphone ricopia tutto l'esercizio su una app di note o di word processing e vedrai tutto in chiaro!

1) Hello, my name    Sam. What    your name?
♥ Hello, my name is Sam. What is your name?
2) Where    Catherine from?
♥ Where is Catherine from?
3) How old    your parents?
♥ How old are your parents?
4) How    they?
♥ How are they?
5) What    John’s job.    he a doctor?
♥ What is John’s job? Is he a doctor?
6) I    very hungry. …    there any cheese in the fridge?
♥ I am very hungry. Is there any cheese in the fridge?
7) How old    Margaret?    she older than her sister?
♥ How old is Margaret? Is she older than her sister?
8) I    hot. Could you open the window, please?
♥ I am hot. Could you open the window, please?
9) Tom and Jo    from America. They    from New York.
♥ Tom and Jo are from America. They are from New York.
10) Sally    right. John never does his homework.
♥ Sally is right. John never does his homework.

2. ESERCIZIO SULLE FORME CONTRATTE BEGINNERS GB121

Rewrite the following sentences using the contracted forms of TO BE
Puoi scrivere le tue risposte nelle caselle di testo (attenzione: non vengono memorizzate!)
Per vedere le risposte corrette, seleziona con il mouse lo spazio bianco dopo il simbolo ♥
Se hai un tablet oppure uno smartphone ricopia tutto l'esercizio su una app di note o di word processing e vedrai tutto in chiaro!

1) You are not my friend.
♥ You aren’t my friend.
2) Are you sure you are not tired?

♥ Are you sure you aren’t tired?
3) Susan is English. She is a student.

♥ Susan’s English. She’s a student.
4) They are from Boston. They are not English. They are American.

♥ They’re from Boston. They aren’t English. They’re American.
5) My father is an actor. His name is Eric.

♥ My father’s an actor. His name’s Eric.
6) His name is James. He is a student.

♥ His name’s James. He’s a student.
7) We are not in the same class.

♥ We aren’t in the same class.
8) Is he French? No, he is not. He is English.

♥ Is he French? No, he isn’t. He’s English.
9) I am going to Ireland. I am very happy.

♥ I’m going to Ireland. I’m very happy.
10) Your dog is out in the garden. He is very nice.

♥ Your dog’s out in the garden. He’s very nice.

3. ESERCIZIO SULLE INTERROGATIVE INTERMEDIATE GB122

Turn the sentences into the interrogative form and give positive or negative answers as indicated in the brackets using the contracted forms of TO BE
Puoi scrivere le tue risposte nelle caselle di testo (attenzione: non vengono memorizzate!)
Per vedere le risposte corrette, seleziona con il mouse lo spazio bianco dopo il simbolo ♥
Se hai un tablet oppure uno smartphone ricopia tutto l'esercizio su una app di note o di word processing e vedrai tutto in chiaro!

1) She is from Paris. (YES)

♥ Is she from Paris? Yes, she is.
2) We are Tom’s teachers. (NO)

♥ Are we Tom’s teachers? No, we aren’t.
3) Patrick is an American student. (NO)

♥ Is Patrick an American student? No, he isn’t.
4) They are my parents’ friends. (YES)

♥ Are they my parents’ friends? Yes, they are.
5) His uncle is a teacher in my school. (NO)

♥ Is his uncle a teacher in my school? No, he isn’t.
6) Her sister’s cat is brown and white. (NO)

♥ Is her sister’s cat brown and white? No, it isn’t.
7) Marilyn Monroe is an iconic figure. (YES)

♥ Is Marilyn Monroe an iconic figure? Yes, she is.
8) He is 22. (NO)

♥ Is he 22? No, he isn’t.
9) You’re going to the cinema. (NO)

♥ Are you going to the cinema? No, I’m not.
10) Your mother’s pen is on the desk. (NO)

♥ Is your mother’s pen on the desk? No, it isn’t.

4. SULLE INTERROGATIVE E NEGATIVE INTERMEDIATE GB123

Turn the following sentences into the negative and interrogative form using the contracted forms of TO BE where possible
Puoi scrivere le tue risposte nelle caselle di testo (attenzione: non vengono memorizzate!)
Per vedere le risposte corrette, seleziona con il mouse lo spazio bianco dopo il simbolo ♥
Se hai un tablet oppure uno smartphone ricopia tutto l'esercizio su una app di note o di word processing e vedrai tutto in chiaro!

1) Sheila is listening to music in her room.
NEG
INT
♥ Sheila isn’t listening to music in her room.
♥ Is Sheila listening to music in her room?
2) My friends are working today.
NEG
INT
♥ My friends aren’t working today.
♥ Are my friends working today?
3) The children are playing tennis.
NEG
INT
♥ The children aren’t playing tennis.
♥ Are the children playing tennis?
4) Your brother’s friends are nice.
NEG
INT
♥ Your brother’s friends aren’t nice.
♥ Are your brother’s friends nice?
5) My doll is under her bed.
NEG
INT
♥ My doll isn’t under her bed.
♥ Is my doll under her bed?
6) Her computer is new.
NEG
INT
♥ Her computer isn’t new.
♥ Is her computer new?
7) Your leather boots are brown.
NEG
INT
♥ Your leather boots aren’t brown.
♥ Are your leather boots brown?
8) He is working at the moment.
NEG
INT
♥ He isn’t working at the moment
♥ Is he working at the moment?
9) Mr. Brown is out of the office.
NEG
INT
♥ Mr. Brown isn’t out of the office
♥ Is Mr. Brown out of the office?
10) Your jumper is red.
NEG
INT
♥ Your jumper isn’t red.
♥ Is your jumper red?