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WIKIMAG n. 9 - Agosto 2013
British humour
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British humour is a somewhat general term applied to certain
comedic
motifs that are often prevalent in humour in the
United Kingdom and the
British Commonwealth.[1]
A strong theme of sarcasm and
self-deprecation, often with
deadpan
delivery, runs throughout British
humour.[2]
Emotion is often buried under humour in a way that seems insensitive to
other cultures.[3]
Jokes are told about everything and almost no subject is
taboo,
though often a lack of subtlety when discussing controversial issues is
considered crass.[4]
Many UK
comedy TV shows typical of British humour have been internationally
popular, and have been an important channel for the export and
representation of
British culture to the international audience.
Themes
Some themes (with examples) that underpinned late 20th century
British humour were:[5]
Innuendo
Innuendo in British humour is evident in the literature as far back
as
Beowulf and
Chaucer, and it is a prevalent theme in many British
folk songs.
Shakespeare often used innuendo in his comedies, but it is also
often found in his other plays, as in
Hamlet
act 4 scene v:
Young men will do't if they come to't / By Cock, they are
to blame.
Restoration comedy is notorious both for its innuendo and for its
sexual explicitness, a quality encouraged by
Charles II (1660–1685) personally and by the
rakish
aristocratic
ethos of
his
court.
In the Victorian era,
Burlesque theatre combined sexuality and humour in its acts. In the
late 19th century, magazines such as
Punch began to be widely sold, and innuendo featured in its cartoons
and articles.
In the early 1930s, cartoon-style saucy postcards became widespread,
and at their peak 16 million saucy postcards were sold per year. They
were often bawdy, with innuendo and
double entendres, and featured
stereotypical characters such as vicars, large ladies and put-upon
husbands, in the same vein as the
Carry On films. This style of comedy was common in
music halls and in the comedy music of
George Formby. Many comedians from music hall and wartime gang shows
worked in radio after World War 2, and characters such as
Julian and Sandy on
Round the Horne used innuendo extensively. Innuendo also
features heavily in many British films and TV series of the late 20th
century. The Carry On series was based largely on smut and
innuendo, and many of the sketches of
The Two Ronnies are in a similar vein. Innuendo with little subtlety
was epitomised by
Benny Hill, and the
Nudge Nudge sketch by
Monty Python openly mocks the absurdity of such innuendo.
By the end of the 20th century more subtlety in sexual humour became
fashionable, as in
Not the Nine O'Clock News and
Blackadder, while
Bottom and
Viz continued the smuttier trend. In contemporary British comedy
Julian Clary is an example of a prolific user of innuendo.
Satire
Disrespect to members of the establishment and authority, typified
by:
-
Beyond the Fringe, stage revue from the 1960s
-
That Was The Week That Was (TW3), late night TV satire on
BBC2 (1962–1966)
-
The Comic Strip Presents..., a series of short satirical
films on both
BBC2 and
Channel 4 (1982-)
-
Private Eye, satirical magazine
-
Not the Nine O'Clock News, satirical sketch show, notable
for launching the careers of
Rowan Atkinson,
Griff Rhys Jones,
Pamela Stephenson and
Mel Smith on BBC2, (1979–1982).
-
Yes Minister, political sitcom on BBC2 (1980–1988).
-
Drop the Dead Donkey, Channel 4 sitcom recorded close to
transmission that satirised the weekly events (1990–1998)
-
Spitting Image, TV puppet comedy lampooning the famous and
powerful on
ITV (1984–1996).
-
Brass Eye, a controversial alternative prime-time show on
Channel 4 (1997–2001).
-
Discworld, a series of fantasy books written by
Terry Pratchett, heavy with irony criticizing various aspects of
society
-
Have I Got News for You, a satirical panel game originally
on BBC2, now on
BBC1 (1990-)
-
The Young Ones, a cult sitcom starring
Rik Mayall,
Adrian Edmondson,
Nigel Planer and
Christopher Ryan on BBC2 (1982–1984).
-
Mock the Week, a satirical current affairs panel game on
BBC2. (2005-)
-
The Day Today, Nineties Satire (1994).
-
Time Trumpet, Noughties Satire TV show (2006).
-
The Armando Iannucci Shows, satirical TV show on Channel 4
(2001).
-
The Thick of It, satirical political sitcom (2005-2012).
Absurd
The absurd and the surreal, typified by:
-
Count Duckula, a cartoon show on ITV (1988–1993).
-
The Goon Show, a surreal radio show on the
BBC Home Service (1951–1960).
-
Spike Milligan's
Q, a sketch show and a direct inspiration for Monty
Python on BBC2 (1969–1982).
-
Monty Python, a comedy troupe, noted for performing sketches
with no conclusions originally (1969–1983).
-
Green Wing, an experimental sitcom that utilises surrealism,
sped-up/slowed-down camera work, and ethereal, dream-like sequences
on Channel 4 (2004–2007).
-
Big Train, a sketch show with absurd situations performed in
a realistic, deadpan style on BBC2 (1998–2002).
-
Shooting Stars, a panel game with seemingly no rules on BBC2
(1993–2011).
-
I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, a radio panel game with bizarre
games, notably
Mornington Crescent and
One Song to the Tune of Another on
BBC Radio 4 (1974-).
-
The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer, a variety show of sketches
and songs in the surrealist genre of comedy on the BBC (1993–1995).
-
Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band, a musical group playing songs
inspired by the music of the 1920s and comic rock songs
-
The Mighty Boosh, a comic fantasy containing
non-sequiturs and pop-culture references (1998-).
- "Bus
Driver's Prayer"
-
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, in radio, book, TV
series and film
-
The Armando Iannucci Shows, a comedy sketch show utilising
surrealism (2001).
-
Black Books, a sitcom about a Bookshop owner, flavoured with
surreal and nonsensical elements on Channel 4 (2000–2004).
-
Red Dwarf, a science fiction sitcom on
BBC 2 and
Dave (1988-1999, 2009, 2012-)
-
Brittas Empire, Chris Barrie sitcom set in a leisure centre
about an annoying manager on BBC1 (1991–1997).
-
The Magic Roundabout A
dub
parody of a French children's cartoon that gained a cult
following (1964–1971).
Macabre
Black humour, in which topics and events that are usually treated
seriously are treated in a humorous or satirical manner, typified by:
-
The League of Gentlemen, a
cult comedy revolving around the bizarre inhabitants of the
fictional town
Royston Vasey
-
Nighty Night, a TV series about a
sociopathic beauty therapist who fakes her husband's death in
order to steal her disabled neighbour's husband
-
Jam, an unsettling TV
sketch comedy with an
ambient music soundtrack
-
Garth Marenghi's Darkplace, a horror comedy revolving around
the
supernatural, and is set in a hospital in the 1980s
-
Murder Most Horrid, a TV series in which Dawn French plays
murderesses and victims.
-
Snuff Box, a sketch show about a hangman (Matt
Berry) and his assistant (Rich
Fulcher), who make jokes or light-hearted conversation while
hanging men.
-
Death at a Funeral, a 2007 black comedy film.
-
Kind Hearts and Coronets, a film about a man murdering his
way to a hereditary position, starring
Alec Guinness in numerous rôles.
-
Four Lions, a 2010 film satirising Jihadi
terrorists within British Society.
Surreal and
chaotic
-
Vic Reeves Big Night Out (1990 and 1991) a parody of the
variety shows which dominated the early years of television, but
which were, by the early 1990s, falling from grace.
-
Bottom (1991–1995) noted for its chaotic humour and highly
violent
slapstick.
-
The Young Ones (1982–1984), a British sitcom about four
students living together. It combined traditional sitcom style with
violent slapstick, non sequitur plot-turns and surrealism.
Humour inherent in everyday life
The humour, not necessarily apparent to the participants, inherent in
everyday life, as seen in:
Adults and
children
The 'war' between parents/teachers and their children, typified by:
British class
system
The British class system, especially class tensions between
characters; and pompous or dim-witted members of the upper/middle
classes or embarrassingly blatant social climbers, typified by:
-
Jeeves and Wooster, books by
P. G. Wodehouse (later played by
Fry and Laurie)
-
Dad's Army, comedy TV series
-
Rising Damp, comedy TV series
-
Fawlty Towers, comedy TV series
-
Keeping Up Appearances, comedy TV series
-
You Rang, M'Lord?, comedy TV series
-
Absolutely Fabulous, comedy TV series
-
To the Manor Born, comedy TV series
-
Blackadder, comedy TV series
-
The New Statesman, political comedy TV series
-
Yes Minister, political comedy TV series
- Red Dwarf, science fiction comedy TV series and novels
- The Fast Show, notably
Ted & Ralph and The 13th Duke of Wymbourne sketches
-
Are You Being Served, department store comedy TV series
- Monty Python's
Upper Class Twit of the Year sketch
Lovable rogue
The lovable rogue, often from the impoverished working class, trying
to 'beat the system' and better himself, typified by:
Embarrassment of social ineptitude
The embarrassment of social ineptitude, typified by:
-
Mr.
Bean, comedy TV series starring
Rowan Atkinson
-
The Office, comedy TV series starring
Ricky Gervais
-
Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em, comedy series starring
Michael Crawford
-
Alan Partridge, comedy TV series starring
Steve Coogan
-
Count Arthur Strong, radio show
-
Extras
-
One Foot In The Grave, comedy TV series, 1990 to 2000
-
Peep Show TV series
-
Miranda, BBC TV comedy series from 2009, starring
Miranda Hart
-
The Inbetweeners, Channel 4 comedy series detailing the last
years of sixth form for a group of average teenage boys
-
Citizen Khan , a sitcom about a British Asian family in
Birmingham.
-
Derek
Race
and regional stereotypes
The
An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman joke format is one common
to many cultures, and is often used in
English, including having the nationalities switched around to take
advantage of other stereotypes. These stereotypes are somewhat fond, and
these jokes would not be taken as xenophobic, this sort of affectionate
stereotype is also exemplified by
'Allo 'Allo!, this programme, although set in France in the
second World War, and deliberately performed in over the top accents,
mocked British stereotypes as well as foreigners. This also applies to a
lot of the regional stereotypes in the UK. Regional accent and dialect
are used in such programmes as
Hancock's Half Hour,
Auf Weidersehen, Pet and
Red
Dwarf, as these accents provide quick characterisation and
social cues.
Although racism was a part of British humour, it is now frowned upon,
and acts such as
Bernard Manning and
Jim Davidson are pilloried. Most racist themes in popular comedy
since the 1970s are targeted against racism rather than in sympathy.
Love Thy Neighbour and
Till Death Us Do Part were both series that dealt with these
issues when the
United Kingdom was coming to terms with an influx of immigrants.
Fawlty Towers featured the mistreatment of the
Spanish waiter, Manuel, but the target was the bigotry of the lead
character. More recently,
The Fast Show has mocked people of other races, notably the
Chanel 9 sketches, and
Banzai has mimicked
Japanese games shows, which have an exaggerated sense of violence,
sex and public absurdity.
Goodness Gracious Me turned stereotypes on their heads in
sketches such as 'Going for an English' and when bargaining over the
price of a newspaper.
Bullying
and harsh sarcasm
Harsh
sarcasm and
bullying, though with the bully usually coming off worse than the
victim - typified by:
-
On the Buses, Arthur toward his wife, Olive
- Blackadder, Edmund Blackadder toward his sidekick,
Baldrick
- The Young Ones, comedy TV series
- Fawlty Towers, Basil Fawlty toward his waiter, Manuel
-
The New Statesman, satirising a domineering
Conservative
Member of Parliament
-
The Thick of It, satirising the spin culture prevalent in
Tony Blair's heyday
-
Never Mind the Buzzcocks, satirical music based panel show
-
Mock The Week, satirical news based panel show
- Black Books, where Bernard Black attacks his assistant,
Manny
-
Bottom, in which Richie attacks Eddie with little or no
provocation, usually resulting in Eddie violently (often
near-fatally) retaliating.
-
The Ricky Gervais Show, Stephen Merchant and Ricky Gervais
mocking Karl Pilkington's unique outlook on life.
Parodies of
stereotypes
Making fun of British
stereotypes, typified by:
Tolerance of, and affection for, the eccentric
Tolerance of, and affection for, the eccentric, especially when
allied to inventiveness
Pranks and
Practical Jokes
Usually, for television, the performance of a practical joke on an
unsuspecting person whilst being covertly filmed.
See also
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