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WIKIMAG n. 10 - Settembre 2013
Full breakfast
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A full breakfast is a breakfast meal, usually consisting of
bacon,
sausages and
eggs, often served with a variety of side dishes and a beverage such
as coffee
or tea. It is
especially popular in the
UK and
Ireland
and in British-influenced cultures including the
United States,
Australia,
New Zealand,
Canada
and
South Africa. It is sometimes referred to as an English breakfast
or a "full English breakfast". The phrase "full breakfast"
differentiates it from the European
Continental breakfast traditionally consisting of
tea,
milk or
coffee
and
fruit juices with bread,
croissants or
pastries.
A full breakfast is regarded as a staple of traditional British and
Irish cuisine. Many British and Irish
cafés and
pubs serve the meal at any time as an "all-day breakfast". Other
common names for the dish include bacon and eggs, or the
fry-up. Variants include the full English, full Scottish,
full Welsh and full Irish breakfasts and the Ulster fry.
Common foods
and dishes
The ingredients of a full breakfast vary according to region and
taste. They are often served with
condiments such as
brown sauce or
ketchup.
Regional variants
Britain and
Ireland
Cornwall
The traditional
Cornish
breakfast includes
hog's pudding and Cornish
potato cakes (made with
mashed potatoes mixed with flour and butter and then fried),[1][2]
or fried potatoes alongside the usual bacon, sausage, tomato, mushrooms,
egg and toast.[2]
In the past traditional Cornish breakfasts have included
pilchards and
herring,[3]
or
gurty pudding, a Cornish dish similar to haggis, not to be confused
with gurty milk, another Cornish breakfast dish made with bread and
milk.[4]
England
A traditional full English breakfast includes bacon (traditionally
back bacon[5]),
poached or fried eggs, fried or grilled tomatoes, fried mushrooms,
fried bread or toast with butter,
sausages
and
baked beans, usually served with a
mug of
tea. As
nearly everything is fried in this meal, it is commonly called a
"fry-up".
Black pudding is often added, as are fried leftover
mashed potatoes (called
potato cakes) or
hash browns (borrowed from the
cuisine of the United States). Originally a way to use up leftover
vegetables from the main meal of the day before,
bubble and squeak, shallow-fried leftover vegetables with potato,
has become a breakfast feature in its own right. Onions, either fried or
in rings, occasionally appear. In the
North Midlands, fried or grilled
oatcakes
sometimes replace fried bread. When an English breakfast is ordered to
contain everything available it is often referred to as a Full English,
or a
Full Monty.
Ireland
In
Ireland, as elsewhere, the exact constituents of a full breakfast
vary, depending on geographical area, personal taste and cultural
affiliation. Traditionally, the most common ingredients are
bacon
rashers,
sausages, fried eggs,
white pudding,
black pudding,
toast and
fried tomato.[6]
Sauteed
mushrooms are also sometimes included,[7]
as well as baked beans, liver (although popularity has declined in
recent years), and brown
soda bread.[8]
A full Irish breakfast may be accompanied by a strong
Irish breakfast tea (such as
Barry's Tea, Lyons Tea or
Bewley's breakfast blend) often served with milk. Fried
potato farl,
boxty or
toast is often served as an alternative to brown soda bread.
The "breakfast
roll",[9]
consisting of elements of the full breakfast served in a
French roll, has become more popular in recent times due to the fact
it can be easily eaten on the way to school or work, similar to the
breakfast burrito in the
United States.[9]
As a result, the breakfast roll is available from many
petrol stations and
convenience stores throughout Ireland[9]
in the morning hours.
Ulster
An Ulster fry is a dish similar to the Irish breakfast and is popular
throughout
Ulster. Traditionally, it comprises
bacon
rashers, eggs, sausages (either
pork or
beef),
vegetable roll, the
farl form
of
soda bread (the farl is split in half crossways to expose the inner
bread and then fried with the exposed side down), boxty or
potato bread[10]
and wheaten
farl.
Other common components that may be added include mushrooms, fried
tomato,
pancake and/or
beans. All this is traditionally fried; however, in recent decades,
people have taken to grilling the ingredients instead. The Ulster fry is
often served for breakfast, lunch or dinner in households and cafés
around the province. Emigrants have also popularised the serving of an
Ulster fry outside
Ulster.
Like most full breakfasts the usual accompaniment is tea.
Between 2001 and 2007, the television channel
BBC Two Northern Ireland used a
station ID during local opt-outs from national UK programming which
featured the
BBC Two
logo eating an Ulster fry.
Scotland
In
Scotland, the full breakfast, as with others, contains eggs, back
bacon, link
sausage,
buttered toast,
baked beans, and tea or coffee. Distinctively Scottish elements
include Scottish style
black pudding,
sliced sausage, and
tattie scones. It commonly also includes fried or grilled
tomato
and/or
mushrooms and occasionally
haggis,
white pudding,
fruit pudding[11]
or
oatcakes.[12][13]
As with other breakfasts it has become more common, especially within
the home, to grill the meats, puddings and tomatoes and to only fry the
eggs and tattie scones. Another more historical Scottish breakfast is
porridge and may occasionally be served as a starter.
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable refers to a Scotch
breakfast as "a substantial breakfast of sundry sorts of good things
to eat and drink".[14]
Wales
The traditional
Welsh
breakfast includes
laverbread, a
seaweed purée which is mixed with eggs, bacon, and
cockles and fried into crisp patties.[15]
North America
The style of breakfast has carried over to the US and Canada, though
continental breakfast foods are also popular. A full breakfast in these
countries often consists of eggs, meat such as
bacon, ham,
sausage,
scrapple (US only),
pork
roll (US only),
Spam,
steak or
country fried steak (US only), and
grits (US
only) or fried potatoes such as
hash browns or
home fries. Accompanying the meal might be toasted
white,
wheat or
rye
bread,
English muffins,
bagels,
waffles,
pancakes,
oatmeal,
cinnamon rolls,
biscuits,
fruit or
fruit juice and
beverages such as
coffee
or tea.
It is often referred to as a "country breakfast", "Sunday breakfast",
or a "big breakfast" in many areas of the
Midwestern or
Southern United States.
In Canada, the meal may be known as a
lumberjack breakfast. In
Quebec,
the meal may include regional variants like
crêpes,
buckwheat
galettes,
boudin,
baked beans and
cretons.
Food list
Some of the foods that may be included in a full breakfast are:
- eggs;
fried,
poached,
scrambled or
in a basket
-
fried or
grilled bacon, also referred to as "rashers" or "slices"
- sausages or sausage patties
-
white pudding
-
black pudding
-
kidneys, grilled or fried
-
potato, either
sautéed or served as
chips,
potato waffles,
potato bread,
potato cake, or
hash browns
-
bread, usually
toasted or
fried
-
soda bread (common in Ireland, and available in both white
and brown varieties)
-
pancakes
-
baked beans
-
bubble and squeak
- fried
mushrooms
- fried, grilled, or tinned
tomatoes
-
oatcakes (in
Scotland)
-
fruit pudding (in Scotland)
-
potato (or "tattie") scones (in Scotland and Ireland)
-
sliced sausage, also known as
Lorne sausage (in Scotland)
-
laverbread (in
Wales)
- grilled
smoked
mackerel/kippers
-
cockles (in Wales)
-
hog's pudding (in
Cornwall and
Devon)
-
corned beef hash (in the
United States)
-
grits (in the US)
-
scrapple (in the US)
-
English muffins or
biscuits (in the US)
See also
References
-
^
Mary Maddock.
"Cornish Potato Cake Recipe - Cornish Recipes".
Greenchronicle.com. Retrieved
2013-01-20.
-
^
a
b
[1][dead
link]
-
^ The Ladies'
Companion, December, 1854, The Mercy of the Winter's Waves, (A
Christmas Tale), by Silverpen.
-
^ The Wordsworth
Dictionary of Culinary & Menu Terms, Rodney Dale, 2000
-
^
"English Breakfast Society Guide to the tradtional English
breakfast". Englishbreakfastsociety.com.
Retrieved 2013-01-20.
-
^
"Traditional Irish Breakfast recipe from". Food Ireland.
Retrieved 2013-01-20.
-
^
Traditional Irish Breakfast recipe from
Barry's Tea
-
^
Gerald, Paul (12 July 2012).
"The Full English".
Memphis Flyer (Contemporary Media, Inc.).
Retrieved 2012-07-30. "The Irish might have soda bread, a
potato pancake called boxty, white pudding (what you're used to,
but with oatmeal in it) or black pudding (the same, but with
blood cooked in)."
- ^
a
b
c
McDonald, Brian (12 May 2008).
"Top breakfast baguette rolls into Irish history". Irish
Independent. Retrieved
2012-07-30.
-
^
"BBC – h2g2 – Great International Breakfast Dishes".
Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved
2013-01-20.
-
^
Gerald, Paul (12 July 2012).
"The Full English".
Memphis Flyer (Contemporary Media, Inc.).
Retrieved 2012-07-30. "The Scots like to have tattie
(potato) scones, fruit pudding (actually a sausage made with
very little fruit), and, of course, their curse on the earth,
haggis."
-
^
Elizabeth Foyster, Christopher A.
Whatley (2009). A History of Everyday Life in Scotland, 1600
to 1800. Edinburgh University Press. p. 139.
-
^
Alan Davidson and Tom Jaine (2006).
The Oxford companion to food. Oxford University Press.
p. 185.
-
^
Brewer, E. Cobham.
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. New York:
Harper & Brothers. p. 812.
-
^
Welsh Government.
"Wales.com - Food".
Government of Wales.
Retrieved 2012-07-30. "Laverbread, not actually bread at
all but seaweed, is often fried into crisp patties with eggs,
bacon and fresh cockles for a traditional Welsh breakfast."
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