Guinness World Records
|
The Guinness World Records logo
|
Author |
Craig Glenday (ed.)[1] |
Cover artist |
Simon Jones |
Language |
English, Arabic, Portuguese, Mandarin Chinese, Croatian,
Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek,
Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Latvian,
Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Slovene, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish,
Turkish and Bulgarian |
Series |
Guinness World Records |
Subject |
World Records |
Genre |
Information and Reference Book. |
Publisher |
Jim Pattison Group |
Publication date |
1955–present |
Pages |
288 (2011, 2012)
287 (2010)
288 (2003–2009)
289 (2008) |
ISBN |
978-1-904994-67-1 |
Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The
Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U.S. editions as
The Guinness Book of World Records), is a
reference book published annually, containing a collection of
world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the
natural world. The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling
copyrighted book series of all time.[2]
It is also one of the most frequently stolen books from public libraries
in the United States.[3]
The franchise has extended beyond print to include television series
and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness
World Records becoming the primary international authority on the
cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records – the
organization employs official record adjudicators authorized to verify
the setting and breaking of records.[4]
History
Guinness World Records certificate
On 10 November 1951, Sir
Hugh Beaver, then the managing director of the
Guinness Breweries,[5]
went on a shooting party in the
North Slob, by the
River Slaney in
County Wexford, Ireland. He became involved in an argument over
which was the fastest
game bird in Europe, the
golden plover or the
grouse
(the former being correct). That evening at
Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in
reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europe's fastest
game bird.[6][7]
Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly
in pubs throughout Ireland, but there was no book in the world with
which to settle arguments about records. He realised then that a book
supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular[citation
needed].
Christopher Chataway recommended student twins
Norris and
Ross McWhirter, who had been running a fact-finding agency in
London. The brothers were commissioned to compile what became The
Guinness Book of Records in August 1954. One thousand copies were
printed and given away.[8]
After founding the Guinness Book of Records at 107
Fleet Street, London, the first 197-page edition was bound on 27
August 1955 and went to the top of the British bestseller lists by
Christmas. "It was a marketing give away—it wasn't supposed to be a
money maker," said Beaver.[citation
needed] The following year it was launched in the
U.S., and it sold 70,000 copies.
Because the book became a surprise hit, many further editions were
printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year,
published in October to coincide with Christmas sales. The McWhirters
continued to publish it and related books for many years. Both brothers
had an encyclopedic memory—on the TV series
Record Breakers, based upon the book, they would take questions
posed by children in the audience on various world records and were
usually able to give the correct answer. Ross McWhirter was assassinated
by the
Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975.[9]
Following
Ross' assassination, the feature in the show where questions about
records posed by children were answered was called "Norris on the Spot".
Guinness Superlatives (later Guinness World Records) Limited was
formed in 1954 to publish the first book.
Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the Guinness book in the USA
for decades and under their management, the book became a household
name. The group was owned by Guinness PLC and subsequently
Diageo
until 2001, when it was purchased by
Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by
HIT Entertainment in 2002. In 2006,
Apax Partners purchased HiT and subsequently sold Guinness World
Records in early 2008 to the
Jim Pattison Group, the parent company of
Ripley Entertainment, which is licensed to operate Guinness World
Records' Attractions. With offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness
World Records global headquarters remain in London, while its museum
attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in
Orlando, Florida.
Evolution
Lucky Diamond Rich is "the world's most tattooed
person", and has tattoos covering his entire body. He holds
the Guinness world record as of 2006, being 100 percent
tattooed.
Recent editions have focused on record feats by human competitors.
Competitions range from obvious ones such as
weightlifting to the longest
egg tossing distance, or for longest time spent playing
Grand Theft Auto IV or the number of hot dogs that can be
consumed in ten minutes, although eating contest and alcohol consumption
entries are no longer accepted, possibly for fear of
litigation. Besides records about competitions, it contains such
facts as the heaviest
tumor, the most poisonous plant, the shortest river (Roe
River), the longest-running drama (Guiding
Light) in the USA, and the world's most successful salesman (Joe
Girard), among others. Many records also relate to the youngest
person who achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all
nations of the world, being
Maurizio Giuliano.[10]
Sultan Kösen (Turkey) is the tallest living person since
September 17, 2009, as determined by Guinness World Records.
Each edition contains a selection of the large set of records in the
Guinness database, and the criteria for that choice have changed over
the years. The newest records are added, and the records that have been
updated are added too.
The ousting of Norris McWhirter from his consulting role in 1995 and
the subsequent decision by Diageo Plc to sell the Guinness World Records
brand have shifted it from a text-oriented reference book, to an
illustrated product. This shift means that the majority of world records
are no longer listed in the book (or on the website), and can only be
determined by a written application to Guinness to 'break' the record.
For those unable to wait the 4–6 weeks for a reply, Guinness will
process a 'fast-track' application for £300 (~US$450).
The Guinness Book of Records is the world's most sold
copyrighted book, thus earning it an entry within its own pages. A
number of spin-off books and television series have also been produced.
Guinness World Records bestowed the record of "Person with the
most records" on
Ashrita Furman of Queens, NY in April 2009. At that time, he held
100 records.[11]
In 2005, Guinness designated 9 November as International Guinness
World Records Day to encourage breaking of world records.[12]
In 2006 an estimated 100,000 people participating in over 10 countries.
Guinness reported 2,244 new records in 12 months, which was a 173%
increase over the previous year.[12]
In February 2008,
NBC aired The Top 100 Guinness World Records of All Time and
Guinness World Records made the complete list available on their
website.[13]
Defining records
Cracking open a wheel of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese as a
part of a 2013 world record by
Whole Foods Market.
[14]
For many records, Guinness World Records is the effective authority
on the exact requirements for them and with whom records reside, the
company providing adjudicators to events to determine the veracity of
record attempts. The list of records which the Guinness World Records
covers is not fixed, records may be added and also removed for various
reasons. The public are invited to submit applications for records,
which can be either the bettering of existing records or substantial
achievements which could constitute a new record.[4]
The company also provides corporate services for companies to "harness
the power of record-breaking to deliver tangible success for their
businesses."[15]
Ethical issues and safety concerns
Steven Petrosino drinking 1 liter of beer in 1.3 seconds in
June 1977.
[16][17]
Petrosino set record times for 250 ml, 500 ml and 1.5 liters
as well, but Guinness accepted only the record for one
liter. They later dropped all beer and alcohol records from
their compendium in 1991, and reinstated the records in
2008.
Guinness World Records states several types of records it will not
accept for ethical reasons, such as those related to the killing or
harming of animals.[18]
Several world records that were once included in the book have been
removed for ethical reasons, including concerns for the wellbeing of
potential record breakers. For example, following publication of a
"heaviest fish" record, many fish owners overfed their pets beyond the
bounds of what was healthy, therefore such entries were removed.[19]
The Guinness Book also dropped records within their "eating and drinking
records" section of Human Achievements in 1991 over concerns that
potential competitors could harm themselves and expose the publisher to
potential
litigation.[20]
These changes included the removal of all
liquor, wine, and beer drinking records, along with other unusual
records for consuming such unlikely things as bicycles and trees.[20]
Other records, such as
sword swallowing and rally driving (on public roads), were closed
from further entry as the current holders had performed beyond what are
considered safe human tolerance levels.
There have been instances of closed records being reopened. For
example, the sword swallowing record was listed as closed in 1990
Guinness Book of World Records, but the
Guinness World Records Primetime TV show, which started in 1998,
accepted three sword swallowing challenges (and so did the 2007 edition
of the Guinness World Records onwards). Similarly, the speed beer
drinking records which were dropped from the book in 1991, reappeared 17
years later in the 2008 edition, but were moved from the "Human
Achievements" section of the older book[21]
to the "Modern Society" section of the newer edition.[22]
As of 2010, it is required in the guidelines of all "large food" type
records that the item be fully edible, and distributed to the public for
consumption, to prevent food wastage.[4]
Chain letters are also not allowed: "Guinness World Records does not
accept any records relating to chain letters, sent by post or e-mail. If
you receive a letter or an e-mail, which may promise to publish the
names of all those who send it on, please destroy it, it is a hoax. No
matter if it says that Guinness World Records and the postal service are
involved, they are not."[4]
Difficulty in defining records
For some potential categories, the Guinness World Records has
declined to list records due to the difficulty or impossibility of
determining what constitutes a record-breaking achievement. For example,
its website states: "We do not accept any claims for beauty as it is not
objectively measurable."[18]
On 10 December 2010 The Guinness World Records rested its new "dreadlock"
category after investigation of its first and only female title holder,
Asha Mandela, determining it was impossible to judge this record
accurately.[23]
Museums
In 1976, a Guinness Book of World Records museum opened in the
Empire State Building. Speed shooter
Bob
Munden then went on tour promoting the Guinness Book of World
Records by performing his record fast draws with a standard weight
single-action revolver from a western movie type holster. His fastest
time for a draw was .02 seconds.[24]
Among exhibits were life-size statues of the world's tallest man (Robert
Wadlow) and world's largest earth worm, an X-ray photo of a sword
swallower, repeated lightning strike victim
Roy Sullivan's hat complete with lightning holes and a pair of
gem-studded golf shoes on sale for $6500.[25]
The museum closed in 1995.[26]
In more recent years the Guinness company has permitted the
franchising of small museums with displays based on the book, all
currently (as of 2010) located in towns popular with tourists:
Tokyo,
Copenhagen,
San Antonio. There were once Guinness World Records museums and
exhibitions at the
Trocadero in London,
Bangalore,
San Francisco,
Myrtle Beach,
Orlando,[27]
Atlantic City, New Jersey,[28]
and
Las Vegas,
Nevada.[29]
The Orlando museum, which closed in 2002, was branded The Guinness
Records Experience;[27]
the Hollywood,
Niagara Falls, Copenhagen, and
Gatlinburg, Tennessee museums also previously featured this
branding.[29]
Television series
Guinness World Records has commissioned various television series
documenting world record breaking attempts, including:
With the popularity of reality television, Guinness World Records
began to market itself as the originator of the television genre, with
slogans such as we wrote the book on Reality TV.[citation
needed] The McWhirters co-presented the
BBC
television programme
Record Breakers with
Roy
Castle from 1972 until Ross's death in 1975; Norris continued
appearing on the show until his retirement in 1994.[citation
needed]
Suresh Joachim Arulanantham is a Tamil Canadian film
actor and producer and multiple-Guinness World Record holder
who has broken over 50 world records set in several
countries in attempts to benefit the underprivileged
children around the world. Some world record attempts are
more unusual than others: he is pictured here minutes away
from breaking the
ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at
Shoppers World, Brampton.
Gamer's edition
In 2008, Guinness World Records released its gamer's edition in
association with
Twin Galaxies. The Gamer's Edition contains 258 pages, over 1236
video game related world records and four interviews including one with
Twin Galaxies founder
Walter Day. The most recent edition the Guinness World Records
Gamer's Edition, 2013 was released December 2012.
British pop
music volume
The
Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums was published from
2004 to 2008, based on two earlier, separate HiT publications,
British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums, which began in
1977. It was effectively replaced (in singles part) by the Virgin
Book of British Hit Singles from 2008 onward.
Other media
Video games
A
video game,
Guinness World Records: The Video Game, was developed by
TT
Fusion and released for
Nintendo DS,
Wii and iOS
in November 2008.
Film
In 2012,
Warner Bros. announced the development of a live-action film version
of Guinness World Records with
Daniel Chun as scriptwriter.[30]
References
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"Frequently Asked Questions". Guinness World Records.
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External links