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WIKIMAG n. 11 - Ottobre 2013
Memory of the World
Programme
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UNESCO's
Memory of the World Programme is an international initiative
launched to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against
collective amnesia, neglect, the ravages of time and climatic
conditions, and willful and deliberate destruction.[1]
It calls for the
preservation of valuable archival holdings, library collections and
private individual compendia all over the world for posterity, the
reconstitution of dispersed or displaced documentary heritage, and the
increased accessibility to and dissemination of these items.[1][2][3]
Background and
the IAC
The program began in 1992 as a way to preserve and promote
documentary heritage, which can be a single document, a collection, a
holding or an archival fonds that is deemed to be of such significance
as to transcend the boundaries of time and culture.[1]
This recorded memory reflects the diversity of languages, people, and
cultures.[4]
UNESCO, the world agency responsible for the protection of the world's
cultural and
natural heritage, realized the need to protect such fragile yet
important component of cultural heritage. To this end, the Memory of the
World Programme was established with the aim of preserving and
digitizing humanity's documentary heritage.[5]
“ |
[P]eople the world over are creating [memories] in forms that
are less and less permanent—be it sound recordings, film,
videotape, newsprint, photographs, or computer-based documents.
It must be said that the output of the present century alone is
probably greater than the total output of all previous centuries
put together; and ironically and tragically, it is being lost
faster than ever before. It is a tragedy indeed, for what is at
stake is the recorded memory of mankind. |
” |
—Dato’ Habibah Zon,
Director-General of the National Archives of Malaysia,
introduction from
UNESCO MEMORY OF THE WORLD PROGRAMME: The Asia-Pacific
Strategy, 17 April 1999[1] |
The program is administered by a body known as the International
Advisory Committee, or IAC, whose 14 members are appointed by the UNESCO
Director-General.[1][3]
The IAC is responsible for the formulation of major policies, including
the technical, legal and financial framework for the program. Regular
meetings were held by the IAC in its interim capacity beginning in 1993
to sustain the momentum gained by the program, culminating in the
creation of the Memory of the World Register during its second meeting
in 1995,[1][6]
with the inaugural batch of documents being inscribed on the Register in
1997, after the statutes that created the IAC as a standing committee
took effect.[7]
The IAC also maintains several subsidiary bodies:[8]
- Bureau: Maintains an overview of the Programme between
IAC meetings and makes tactical decisions in liaison with the
Secretariat, reviews the use of the Memory of the World logo, and
liaises with national Memory of the World committees and monitors
their growth and operation.
- Technical Sub-Committee: Develops, regularly revises and
promulgates information guides on the preservation of documentary
heritage, and offers advice on technical and preservation matters.
- Marketing Sub-Committee: Develops strategies for
awareness raising and for increasing financial support for Memory of
the World, implements a marketing plan, and compiles and reviews
guidelines for the use of the Memory of the World logo.
- Register Sub-Committee: Oversees the assessment of
nominations for the Memory of the World International Register and
provides recommendations, with reasons, for their inscription or
rejection to each meeting of the IAC.
Memory
of the World Register
The Memory of the World Register is a compendium of documents,
manuscripts, oral traditions, audio-visual materials, library, and
archival holdings of universal value.[1]
Inscription on the Register leads to improved conservation of the
documentary heritage by calling upon the program's networks of experts
to exchange information and raise resources for the preservation,
digitization, and dissemination of the material.[3]
The program also has the aim of using state-of-the-art technologies to
enable wider accessibility and diffusion of the items inscribed on the
Register.[3]
Any organization or individual can nominate a documentary item for
inscription on the Register. During its meetings, the IAC examines the
full documentation of the item's description, origin, world
significance, and contemporary state of conservation. The body utilizes
a set of criteria in examining each of the nominations:[10]
- Time: Absolute age, of itself, does not make a document
significant: but every document is a creature of its time. Some
documents are especially evocative of their time, which may have
been one of crisis, or significant social or cultural change. A
document may represent new discovery or be the "first of its kind".
- Place: The place of its creation is a key attribute of
its importance. It may contain crucial information about a locality
important in world history and culture; or the location may itself
have been an important influence on the events or phenomena
represented by the document. It may be descriptive of physical
environments, cities or institutions since vanished.
- People: The social and cultural context of its creation
may reflect significant aspects of human behaviour, or of social,
industrial, artistic or political development. It may capture the
essence of great movements, transitions, advances or regression. It
may reflect the impact of key individuals or groups.
- Subject and Theme: The subject matter may represent
particular historical or intellectual developments in natural,
social and human sciences, politics, ideology, sports and the arts.
- Form and Style: The item may have outstanding aesthetic,
stylistic or linguistic value, be a typical or key exemplar of a
type of presentation, custom or medium, or of a disappeared or
disappearing carrier or format.
- Social/Spiritual/Community Significance: This concept is
another way of expressing the significance of a document or set of
documents in terms of its spiritual or sacred values. It allows a
specific community to demonstrate its emotional attachment to the
document or documents for the way in which these contribute to that
community's identity and social cohesion. Application of this
criterion must reflect living significance – the documentary
heritage must have an emotional hold on people who are alive today.
Once those who have revered the documentary heritage for its
social/spiritual/community significance no longer do so, or are no
longer living, it loses this specific significance and may
eventually acquire historical significance.
Other matters that will also be taken into account for each
nomination are:[10]
- Rarity: Does its content or physical nature make it a
rare surviving example of its type or time?
- Integrity: Within the natural physical limitations of
carrier survival, is it complete or partial? Has it been altered or
damaged?
- Threat: Is its survival in danger? If it is secure, must
vigilance be applied to maintain that security?
- Management Plan: Is there a plan which reflects the
significance of the documentary heritage, with appropriate
strategies to preserve and provide access to it?
To date, the IAC has placed 193 documentary items of significance on
the Register. Items are inscribed onto the Register during the IAC's
biennial meetings, which take place every odd year:
1st |
1993 |
Pułtusk, Poland |
September 12–14 |
Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada)[7] |
none |
none |
[1] |
2nd |
1995 |
Paris, France |
May 3–5 |
Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada)[6] |
none |
none |
[1] |
3rd |
1997 |
Tashkent,
Uzbekistan |
September 29–October 1 |
Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada) |
69 |
38 |
[1][6] |
Bureau Meeting |
1998 |
London, United Kingdom |
September 4–5 |
Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada) |
none |
none |
[1] |
4th |
1999 |
Vienna, Austria |
June 10–12 |
Bendik Rugaas (Norway) |
20 |
9 |
[7] |
5th |
2001 |
Cheongju,
South Korea |
June 27–29 |
Bendik Rugaas (Norway) |
42 |
21 |
[11] |
6th |
2003 |
Gdańsk, Poland |
August 28–30 |
Ekaterina U. Genieva (Russian
Federation) |
41 |
23 |
[3][12] |
7th |
2005 |
Lijiang,
China |
June 13–18 |
Deanna Marcum (USA) |
53 |
29 |
[4][13] |
8th |
2007 |
Pretoria, South Africa |
June 11–15 |
Alissandra Cummins (Barbados) |
53 |
38 |
[5][14] |
9th |
2009 |
Bridgetown,
Barbados |
July 27–31 |
Roslyn Russell (Australia) |
55 |
35 |
[15][16] |
10th |
2011 |
Manchester,
United Kingdom |
May 22–25 |
Roslyn Russell (Australia) |
84 |
45 |
[17] |
11th |
2013 |
Gwangju,
South Korea |
June 18–21 |
Roslyn Russell (Australia) |
?? |
55 |
[18] |
Of the 193 documentary heritage items listed on the Register, 94, or
nearly half, is accounted for by the region encompassing Europe and
North America, which includes 33 countries and/or territories.
Africa |
12 |
9 |
Arab States |
6 |
3 |
Asia and the Pacific |
42 |
18 |
Europe and North America |
97 |
33[A] |
Latin America and the Caribbean |
33 |
21 |
International Organizations |
3 |
3 |
Total |
193 |
87 |
In response to the worldwide scale of the Register, some countries or
groups of countries have also established national (i.e. national
registers) and regional counterparts, resulting in a three-tiered
Register that has been supported by the Memory of the World Programme.
This allows for the better administration of documentary items.[1]
[hide]
UNESCO Memory of the
World Programme Memory of the World
Register
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Jikji Prize
The Jikji Prize was established in 2004 in cooperation with the South
Korean government to further promote the objectives of the Memory of the
World Programme, and to commemorate the 2001 inscription of the
country's
Jikji on the Register.[13][19]
The award, which includes a cash prize of $30,000 from the Korean
government, recognizes institutions that have contributed to the
preservation and accessibility of documentary heritage.[4]
The prize has been awarded biennially since 2005 during the meeting
of the IAC.[4]
Recipients
Notes
^ A. The Europe and North America region includes the
Transcaucasian States of
Armenia,
Georgia and Azerbaijan, Russian Federation and Turkey.
Furthermore, transcontinental documentary heritage like the
Archives of the Dutch East India Company, shared among India,
Indonesia, Netherlands, South Africa & Sri Lanka, has been
classified under this region. The item from Netherlands Antilles is
also included in this region, considering its political affiliation
with the Netherlands.
References
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