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PARALLEL TEXTS
A parere dell’avvocato generale Wahl, il diritto alla concessione del congedo di maternità retribuito ai genitori di un bambino nato per effetto di un contratto di maternità surrogata non può essere invocato in base al diritto dell’Unione
Inglese tratto da:http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_CJE-13-116_en.htm
Italiano tratto da:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_CJE-13-116_it.htm
Data documento: 26-09-2013
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According to Advocate General Wahl, a right to paid leave of absence from employment to parents of a child born through a surrogacy arrangement cannot be inferred from EU law
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A parere dell’avvocato generale Wahl, il diritto alla concessione del congedo di maternità retribuito ai genitori di un bambino nato per effetto di un contratto di maternità surrogata non può essere invocato in base al diritto dell’Unione
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As EU law stands at present, their situation falls outside its scope
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Allo stato attuale del diritto dell’Unione, tale fattispecie esula dalla sua sfera di applicazione
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The case before the referring court concerns Ms Z, who is a teacher in Ireland. She suffers from a rare condition which has the effect that, although she has healthy ovaries and is otherwise fertile, she has no uterus and cannot support a pregnancy.
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Il caso sottoposto all’esame della Corte dal giudice del rinvio riguarda la sig.ra Z, insegnante in una scuola irlandese, che soffre di una rara patologia per effetto della quale, pur avendo ovaie funzionanti ed essendo quindi fertile, è priva dell’utero e non è in grado di sostenere una gravidanza.
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4 |
In order to have a child, Ms Z and her husband arranged for a surrogate mother to give birth to a child in California.
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Al fine di poter avere un figlio, la sig.ra Z ed il coniuge hanno deciso di ricorrere ad una madre surrogata che desse alla luce un bambino in California.
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The child born under the surrogacy arrangement is the genetic child of the couple and no mention of the surrogate mother is made on the child’s American birth certificate.
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Il bambino nato per effetto del contratto di maternità surrogata è figlio biologico della coppia e nel certificato di nascita americano non è fatta menzione della madre surrogata.
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While paid maternity leave and adoption leave are regulated under Irish law, there is no express provision in Irish legislation (or in Ms Z’s contract of employment) for leave arising from the birth of a child through a surrogacy arrangement.
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La legge irlandese, mentre disciplina i congedi di maternità e di adozione retribuiti, non contiene alcuna specifica disciplina (né questa è contenuta nel contratto di lavoro della sig.ra Z) riguardante il congedo in caso di nascita di un figlio per effetto di un contratto di maternità surrogata.
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After her request for paid leave of absence had been refused, Ms Z brought a complaint before the Equality Tribunal. She argued that she had been subject to discrimination on grounds of sex, family status and disability.
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A seguito del diniego di un congedo di maternità retribuito, la sig.ra Z è ricorsa dinanzi all’Equality Tribunal, sostenendo di essere stata oggetto di discriminazione per motivi fondati sul sesso, sullo status familiare e sulla disabilità.
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In those circumstances, the Equality Tribunal asked the Court of Justice whether the fact that a woman whose genetic child has been born through a surrogacy arrangement is refused paid leave of absence from employment constitutes a breach of EU law.
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L’Equality Tribunal ha allora chiesto alla Corte di giustizia se il diniego di congedo di maternità retribuito ad una donna il cui figlio biologico sia nato per effetto di un contratto di maternità surrogata costituisca violazione del diritto dell’Unione.
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In his Opinion today, Advocate General Nils Wahl distinguishes the case at hand from the situation of a pregnant worker falling under the scope of the Pregnant Workers Directive, which provides for maternity leave of at least 14 weeks.
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Nelle conclusioni odierne, l’avvocato generale Wahl distingue la fattispecie in esame da quella di una lavoratrice in stato interessante ai sensi della direttiva sulle lavoratrici gestanti, che prevede un congedo di maternità della durata minima di 14 settimane.
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In that regard, he emphasises that the protection afforded by the Directive applies to women who have given birth to a child and that it aims at protecting those workers in their fragile physical state.
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A tale riguardo, l’avvocato generale sottolinea che la tutela prevista dalla direttiva si applica alle donne che hanno partorito un figlio ed è volta a tutelare tali lavoratrici nel loro stato di vulnerabilità fisica.
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Concerning the question at hand, the Advocate General considers, first, that Ms Z has not been subject to any prohibited discrimination on grounds of sex..
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Per quanto attiene alla questione in esame, l’avvocato generale ritiene, in primo luogo, che la sig.ra Z non sia stata oggetto di alcuna illecita discriminazione in base al sesso.
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According to the Advocate General, the differential treatment of which Ms Z complains was not based on sex, but on the refusal of national authorities to equate her situation with that of either a woman who has given birth, or an adoptive mother.
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A suo parere, la disparità di trattamento lamentata non è basata sul sesso, bensì sul diniego espresso dall’amministrazione nazionale di equiparare la sua situazione a quella della donna che abbia partorito o abbia adottato.
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However, the special protection in terms of discrimination based on sex afforded to pregnant women cannot apply in this case and therefore a comparator of the opposite sex is necessary.
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Tuttavia, la specifica tutela contro le discriminazioni basate sul sesso nei confronti della donna gestante non può trovare applicazione in tale fattispecie e, conseguentemente, occorre individuare un elemento di paragone maschile.
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Finding that the male parent of a child born through surrogacy would be treated in exactly the same manner, the Advocate General dismisses the argument based on sex discrimination.
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Considerato che il padre di un bambino nato da una madre surrogata risulterebbe soggetto a trattamento esattamente identico, l’avvocato generale esclude la sussistenza di una discriminazione basata sul sesso.
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While the Advocate General states that the situation of a woman such as Ms Z could be compared to that of an adoptive mother, he emphasises that the Member States have not yet passed legislation harmonising the right to paid leave of absence for adoptive parents.
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Mentre rileva che la situazione di una donna, quale la sig.ra Z, può essere paragonata a quella di una madre adottiva, l’avvocato generale sottolinea che gli Stati membri non hanno ancora provveduto all’armonizzazione della legislazione in materia del diritto alla concessione di un congedo retribuito per i genitori adottivi.
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Accordingly, where national law foresees the possibility of paid adoption leave, the national court ought to assess whether the application of differing rules to adoptive parents and to parents who have had a child through a surrogacy arrangement constitutes prohibited discrimination contrary to that national law.
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Conseguentemente, laddove la normativa nazionale preveda la concessione di un congedo ai genitori adottivi, spetterà al giudice nazionale valutare se l’applicazione di norme differenti ai genitori adottivi e ai genitori che abbiano avuto un figlio ricorrendo a un contratto di maternità surrogata configuri una discriminazione contraria alla legge nazionale.
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As regards the second ground of discrimination brought forward, Advocate General Wahl concludes that Ms Z also has not been subject to discrimination on grounds of disability under EU law.
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Per quanto attiene al secondo profilo di discriminazione dedotto, l’avvocato generale Wahl ritiene, in conclusione, che la sig.ra Z non sia stata parimenti oggetto di discriminazione in base alla disabilità ai sensi del diritto dell’Unione.
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According to the Advocate General, the provisions prohibiting discrimination based on disability in the context of employment and occupation are limited in scope and seek to ensure full and effective participation in professional life by all.
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A parere dell’avvocato generale, la normativa che vieta le discriminazioni in base a disabilità nell’ambito del lavoro e dell’occupazione è caratterizzata da una sfera di applicazione limitata ed è volta a garantire la piena partecipazione di tutti alla vita professionale.
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Seeing as her inability to carry a pregnancy to term did not prevent Ms Z from such participation, the EU legislation in question could not apply.
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Considerato che l’incapacità di sostenere una gravidanza non ha costituito per la sig.ra Z un ostacolo in tal senso, la normativa dell’Unione in esame non può trovare applicazione.
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NOTE:
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IMPORTANTE:
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The Advocate General’s Opinion is not binding on the Court of Justice.
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Le conclusioni dell'avvocato generale non vincolano la Corte di giustizia.
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It is the role of the Advocates General to propose to the Court, in complete independence, a legal solution to the cases for which they are responsible.
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Il compito dell'avvocato generale consiste nel proporre alla Corte, in piena indipendenza, una soluzione giuridica nella causa per la quale è stato designato.
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The Judges of the Court are now beginning their deliberations in this case.
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I giudici della Corte cominciano adesso a deliberare in questa causa.
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Judgment will be given at a later date.
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La sentenza sarà pronunciata in una data successiva.
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NOTE:
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IMPORTANTE:
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A reference for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law or the validity of a European Union act.
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Il rinvio pregiudiziale consente ai giudici degli Stati membri, nell'ambito di una controversia della quale sono investiti, di interpellare la Corte in merito all’interpretazione del diritto dell’Unione o alla validità di un atto dell’Unione.
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The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself.
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La Corte non risolve la controversia nazionale.
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It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.
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Spetta al giudice nazionale risolvere la causa conformemente alla decisione della Corte. Tale decisione vincola egualmente gli altri giudici nazionali ai quali venga sottoposto un problema simile.
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LISTEN WITH READSPEAKER
According to Advocate General Wahl, a right to paid leave of absence from
employment to parents of a child born through a surrogacy arrangement cannot be
inferred from EU law
As EU law stands at present, their situation falls outside its
scope
The case before the referring court concerns Ms Z, who is a teacher in
Ireland. She suffers from a rare condition which has the effect that, although
she has healthy ovaries and is otherwise fertile, she has no uterus and cannot
support a pregnancy.
In order to have a child, Ms Z and her husband arranged for a surrogate
mother to give birth to a child in California.
The child born under the surrogacy arrangement is the genetic child of
the couple and no mention of the surrogate mother is made on the child’s
American birth certificate.
While paid maternity leave and adoption leave are regulated under Irish
law, there is no express provision in Irish legislation (or in Ms Z’s contract
of employment) for leave arising from the birth of a child through a surrogacy
arrangement.
After her request for paid leave of absence had been refused, Ms Z
brought a complaint before the Equality Tribunal. She argued that she had been
subject to discrimination on grounds of sex, family status and disability.
In those circumstances, the Equality Tribunal asked the Court of
Justice whether the fact that a woman whose genetic child has been born through
a surrogacy arrangement is refused paid leave of absence from employment
constitutes a breach of EU law.
In his Opinion today, Advocate General Nils Wahl distinguishes the case
at hand from the situation of a pregnant worker falling under the scope of the
Pregnant Workers Directive, which provides for maternity leave of at least 14
weeks.
In that regard, he emphasises that the protection afforded by the
Directive applies to women who have given birth to a child and that it aims at
protecting those workers in their fragile physical state.
Concerning the question at hand, the Advocate General considers, first,
that Ms Z has not been subject to any prohibited discrimination on grounds of
sex..
According to the Advocate General, the differential treatment of which
Ms Z complains was not based on sex, but on the refusal of national authorities
to equate her situation with that of either a woman who has given birth, or an
adoptive mother.
However, the special protection in terms of discrimination based on sex
afforded to pregnant women cannot apply in this case and therefore a comparator
of the opposite sex is necessary.
Finding that the male parent of a child born through surrogacy would be
treated in exactly the same manner, the Advocate General dismisses the argument
based on sex discrimination.
While the Advocate General states that the situation of a woman such as
Ms Z could be compared to that of an adoptive mother, he emphasises that the
Member States have not yet passed legislation harmonising the right to paid
leave of absence for adoptive parents.
Accordingly, where national law foresees the possibility of paid
adoption leave, the national court ought to assess whether the application of
differing rules to adoptive parents and to parents who have had a child through
a surrogacy arrangement constitutes prohibited discrimination contrary to that
national law.
As regards the second ground of discrimination brought forward,
Advocate General Wahl concludes that Ms Z also has not been subject to
discrimination on grounds of disability under EU law.
According to the Advocate General, the provisions prohibiting
discrimination based on disability in the context of employment and occupation
are limited in scope and seek to ensure full and effective participation in
professional life by all.
Seeing as her inability to carry a pregnancy to term did not prevent Ms
Z from such participation, the EU legislation in question could not apply.
NOTE:
he Advocate General’s Opinion is not binding on the Court of Justice.
It is the role of the Advocates General to propose to the Court, in complete
independence, a legal solution to the cases for which they are responsible.
The Judges of the Court are now beginning their deliberations in this case.
Judgment will be given at a later date.
NOTE:
A reference for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of the
Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer
questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law
or the validity of a European Union act.
The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself.
It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance
with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other national courts
or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised. |